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The third rail is one of the methods of supplying electrical power to a train.

The third rail is usually placed just outside one of the running rails. It is insulated from the ground and energised to (typically) either 650, 750 or 850 Volts DC. the train has a 'shoe' which runs along this rail, picking up electricity. The return current is through the running rails, which are at 0 V DC.

Third rail is used in many underground (Métro) railways, and some commuter systems.

Third Rails where one of the first methods developed for supplying electricity to trains. They are a cheap option. But they are not used for new systems because they are considered unsafe (the electricity is on an exposed conductor), and 750 V DC is insufficient for heavy freight trains or modern high speed trains. Higher voltages cannot be used on third rail because it is too near the ground, and the electricity would short circuit.

Modern railway electrification systems use overhead wires ('catenary') at a voltage of 25000 Volts AC. Lower voltages are used for some overhead systems, for example 1500 V DC, 3000 V DC, and 17000 V AC.

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Q: What does the third rail do?
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