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What does water do in radiation shielding and does it work as an absorber of neutrons?
Wiki User
∙ 12y ago
H2O provides an energy transfer for radiant energy. The volume of H2O per radiant energy is proportional. The visual energy transfer may be measured by H2O's "change of state" rate.
Regarding H20 as an absorber of electrons, oxygen has a larger share of electrons. This is how one Oxygen atom and two Hydrogen atoms bond to create H2O. See "polar covalent bond" and "electronegativity" for greater depth.
If a flux of electrons bombard H2O, the molecular compound will change in composition -OR- reform in an entirely different molecular compound.
Wiki User
∙ 12y ago
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Why did they add boron to water to dump on the nuclear reactor?
Boron is a good absorber of neutrons and would be useful in preventing criticality, if the fuel had melted and was possibly going to form a critical mass. I don't know how likely this was, but it seems more of a precaution than a real necessity, at present anyway.
How many neutrons are in water?
In a single molecule of water : 10 protons (1 from each hydrogen and 8 from oxygen)8 neutrons (none from hydrogen and 8 from oxygen)water = H2O 10 electrons (1 from each hydrogen and 8 from oxygen)To work out how many electrons, protons and neutrons in a molecule;Find the ballenced chemical equation - H20 in this caseLook up each element in the periodic table - hydrogen and oxygen in this caseCount the electrons, protons and neutrons - you do this by looking at the top numbers and the bottom numbers for each element. The top number is the "atomic weight" of the element, so the total number of protons and neutrons as each 1 unit of mass. The bottom number is the "proton number" number of electrons and protons (each) so for oxygen where the number is 8, there are 8 protons and 8 electrons. To work out the number of neutrons simply take the bottom number from the top number as you are taking the number of protons away from the total weight to give you whats left, which is the number of protons.Do a little bit more adding - H2O = 2 + 8 electrons= 2 + 8 protons= 0 + 8 neutronsAnd your done. Easy
What is nonionizing radiation?
Ionizing radiation causes some of the atoms it strikes to be ionized. There are several different types: alpha particles, beta particles, neutrons, gamma rays, x-rays, and ultraviolet light. Non-ionizing radiation, which does not ionize atoms, includes visible light, infrared light, radio waves, and so on.To understand the biological effects of radiation we must first understand the difference between ionizing radiation and non-ionizing radiation. In general, two things can happen when radiation is absorbed by matter: excitation or ionization.Excitation occurs when the radiation excites the motion of the atoms or molecules, or excites an electron from an occupied orbital into an empty, higher-energy orbital.Ionization occurs when the radiation carries enough energy to remove an electron from an atom or molecule.Because living tissue is 70-90% water by weight, the dividing line between radiation that excites electrons and radiation that forms ions is often assumed to be equal to the ionization of water: 1216 kJ/mol. Radiation that carries less energy can only excite the water molecule. It is therefore called non-ionizing radiation. Radiation that carries more energy than 1216 kJ/mol can remove an electron from a water molecule, and is therefore called ionizing radiation.Related links are provided below.
How is hydrogen and heavy water different from hydrogen and normal water?
Heavy water is water whose atomic structure consists of oxygen and heavy hydrogen. Heavy hydrogen, or deuterium, is hydrogen with neutrons in its nuclei.
What does spent fuel that is stored inside a nuclear power plant go in?
It is stored in water filled tanks. This provides shielding as well as cooling. In some plants the water filled tanks have become filled up and shielded containers are having to be used.
Why are carbon dioxide and water vapor called selective absorbers?
Any object that can specifically absorb and emit radiation (in the form of, say, infrared radiation), is called a selective absorbers. An example is: Snow. It is a good absorber of infrared radiation but poor absorber of sunligh. Object that selectively absorb radiation at some wavelength tend to radiate radiation at that same wavelength. CO2 and water vapors are both very good absorber of infrared radiation but at the same time poor absorber of different forms of solar radiation that are visible to us.
Which greenhouse gas is the most powerful absorber of radiation emitted by Earth?
water vapor
Which greenhouse gas is the most powerful absorber radiation emitted by earth?
water vapor
Why does the moon not support life?
Because it has no air, no water, no shielding from space radiation, and no pizza there.
What element used as shield for radioactivity?
It depends somewhat on the type of radiation that one needs to be shielded.Lead is very effective for gamma rays, however if the radiation is mostly neutron radiation then borated reinforced concrete is much more effective than lead (the hydrogen in the water of crystallization in the concrete slows the neutrons and the boron then absorbs the slow neutrons). Nuclear reactors which produce intense radiation of both gamma ray and neutron often use alternating layers of lead plate and borated reinforced concrete for shielding.If all you are shielding against is beta radiation then a sheet of aluminum foil is typically adequate.If all you are shielding against is alpha radiation then your skin (do not ingest or inhale alpha emitters) or one sheet of paper is adequate.
How is chain reaction controlled in a nuclear power plant?
The radiation shield used on a large scale for fixed shielding is concrete. This is effective because the large mass of concrete absorbs gamma radiation well, and as it contains a lot of water molecules it also stops neutrons from penetrating.
What is best absorber of infrared radiation?
well, i believe Co2 (carbon dioxide) and H2o (water) are the best absorbers of infrared radiation my young grass hopper. Beast
What Element that shield from radioactive substances?
Hydrogen is an excellent absorber of neutrons and gamma radiation. In water, it is *very* common as a shielding material. Cobalt-59 is used as a neutron absorber for some nuclear reactors (control rods), and makes a radioactive material useful in industry and medicine (Co-60). Zirconium can accept many neutrons before becoming radioactive itself. It is commonly used to package materials used in the nuclear industry. Uranium-238 is an excellent shield for gamma radiation sources, requiring less total mass than an equivalent amount of lead. Or you could just use Lead to stop radiation, which is probably the boring answer you were looking for. Note that no element is a "shield from radioactive substances", just for line-of-sight radiation from them. Radiation from plutonium-239 is most dangerous when it has been inhaled into your lungs. Lead won't help here. Radiation from Strontium-90 damages your bone marrow when ingested with food. Lead won't help here either.
Gathers radiant energy and turns it into heat?
Solar water heaters do this, They can be simple affairs mounted on a house roof, or on a larger scale mirrors can be used to capture radiation and focus it on a heat absorber.
Does salt absorber water?
Yes, that is why water dissolves quicker with salt.
What does water do in radiation shielding and does it work as an absorber of electrons?
H2O provides an energy transfer for radiant energy. The volume of H2O per radiant energy is proportional. The visual energy transfer may be measured by H2O's "change of state" rate. Regarding H20 as an absorber of electrons, oxygen has a larger share of electrons. This is how one Oxygen atom and two Hydrogen atoms bond to create H2O. See "polar covalent bond" and "electronegativity" for greater depth. If a flux of electrons bombard H2O, the molecular compound will change in composition -OR- reform in an entirely different molecular compound.
What does it take to make life sustainable on any planet?
Food, Air, Water supply, Artificial gravity, and radiation shielding/artificial Van Allen belts. We need a large habitat to produce what we can of this on our own.
