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The proton gradient produced by the electron transport chain powers ATP production. This process is called chemiosmosis, in which H+ ions from the thylakoid space (in mitochondria they are in the intermembrane space) pass through ATP synthase to areas of lower concentration (in chloroplasts, the stroma, and in mitochondria, the mitochondrial matrix). As they pass through ATP synthase, the catalytic knob of the ATP synthase is turned. The turning of this knob (which is powered by diffusion of H+ ions) powers the anabolic production of ATP.
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What drives ATP synthase reactions the produced ATP?
Inside the intermembrane space, there is a buildup of hydrogen ions from the ETC. The hydrogen ions go down the concentration gradient through ATP synthase, producing ATP.
ATP synthase catalyzes which of the following reactions?
ADP+Pi→ATP
Are nadph and ATP produced by the Calvin cycle?
Yes, they carry energy between the light reactions and the Calvin cycle. ADP is phosphorylated into ATP at the ATP synthase while NADP is reduced by the electrons in the transport chain (it then becomes NADPH).
What passes through ATP synthase and causes ATP molecules to be produced from ADP molecules?
The hydrogen ions ( protons; H+ ) that are falling down their concentration gradient from where they were pumped into the outer lumen of the mitochondria and falling through the ATP-synthase to synthesize ATP ( phosphorylate ) from ADP.
The majority of ATP molecules produced during aerobic respiration are produced in?
The majority of ATP molecules produced during aerobic respiration are produced in the electron transport chain. This process occurs in the inner mitochondrial membrane and involves the transfer of electrons from NADH and FADH2 to oxygen, generating a proton gradient that drives ATP synthesis through ATP synthase.
At synthase in the chloroplast membrane makes atp utilizing the energy of highly concentrated?
ATP synthase in the chloroplast membrane synthesizes ATP by harnessing the energy from a proton gradient created during the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. As protons flow back into the stroma through the ATP synthase enzyme, this movement drives the conversion of ADP and inorganic phosphate (Pi) into ATP. The process is a crucial part of the overall energy transformation in photosynthesis, enabling the plant to store energy in a usable form.
How does ATP synthase obtain the energy to produce ATP?
ATP synthase obtains the energy to produce ATP through the flow of protons across a membrane. The proton gradient creates a force that drives the rotation of ATP synthase, allowing it to catalyze the synthesis of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate.
Which protein complex allows hydrogen ions to rush out of the thylacoid providing energy that can be used to make a molecule?
ATP synthase is the protein complex that allows hydrogen ions to flow out of the thylakoid membrane during photosynthesis. This flow of hydrogen ions creates a proton gradient that drives the production of ATP, which is a molecule that stores energy for the cell to use.
When the ATP synthase molecules are open the hydrogen ions move out of the thylakoid How does the cell use the kinetic energy of the moving ions?
When hydrogen ions move out of the thylakoid through ATP synthase, their kinetic energy drives the rotation of the ATP synthase enzyme. This mechanical energy is then converted into chemical energy as ADP and inorganic phosphate (Pi) are combined to form ATP. The produced ATP serves as a vital energy currency for various cellular processes, powering activities such as biosynthesis, transport, and cellular signaling.
What powers the ATP synthase enzyme in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?
Photosynthesis is the process that plants convert solar energy into the energy stored in chemical bonds. This consists of two reactions, light dependent and light independent.
Explain how the light reactions would be affected if there were no concentration gradient of protons across the thylakoid membrane?
The concentration gradient of protons is potential energy and is harnessed by an enzyme called ATP synthase. ATP synthase converts the potential energy of the proton concentration gradient into chemical energy stored in ATP (the process is called chemiosmosis). So without the protons, no ATP would be made, and therefore no light reaction would occur.
Is ATP synthase a protein?
Yes, ATP synthase is a protein.
