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European settlement in Australia has had a major effect on Bilbies.

Bilbies, also known as rabbit-eared bandicoots, are critically endangered. These marsupials used to cover two thirds of Australia, but now have been pushed back so that they only live in deserts.

The introduction of foxes and cats, which have turned feral, have resulted in their being endangered, as the vulnerable bilby is an easy food source for them, as well as for dingoes. Trapping to catch foxes has unfortunately resulted in the bilbies themselves often being caught.

The introduction of the rabbit, which voraciously eats much of the vegetation the bilby eats, has resulted in reduced food sources. Rabbits also dig burrows which cause problems for the bilby's habitat, as they tend to cause the bilbies to be caved in. The bilby's habitat has also suffered from being trampled on by herds of stock animals.

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