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I believe it is the ATP/CP system (adenosine triphosphate/ creatine phospahte) and towards the end they go into their lactic acid system because the first system only lasts for up to 8 seconds-ish. Sorry if I've got something wrong but that's what i think it is, i remember it vaguely from GCSE. Hope this help :)

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Q: What energy system does a 100 meter sprinter use?
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