A bore gauge is a tool used to measure the sizes of various holes. There are no different kinds of bore gauges, but bore gauges do come in a few different sizes.
There is a 4 gauge/bore shotgun, however it is extremely rare. In fact there are even larger gauges. Bigger gauges are 3, 2, 1 1/2, 1, A, 1/2, A 1/2, and AA. The largest gauge, AA, is the equivalent of about 219 grams of lead, about 164 times heaver than a 12 gauges weight of lead.
First of all; .410 is NOT a gauge. It is a bore. The Gauges are determined by an antiquated method which was developed long before there ever was a .410 bore shotgun. NO ONE knows for sure exactly how and when the .410" bore shotgun actually came to be, but if that diameter - .410" -- were determined using the GAUGE method, it would be approximately a 67.5 Gauge. You can learn more merely by using your internet Search Engine feature. You can even learn how gauges are determined and that in Great Britain they don't use the term gauge at all for shotguns. THEN: if you really want to befuddle yourself, research Dram Equivalents. So: the answer is: nobody really knows . Your question falls in the same category as" HOW DID THEY COME UP WITH WHITE MEN?" Nobody knows.
Shotgun gauges are determined by the number of lead balls of a given diameter required to make one pound of that size ball. Thus 10 balls of 10 gauge diameter are required to make one pound of such balls, or 20 balls of 20 gauge diameter are required to make one pound, and so forth. This is the traditional, and very old, system. The actual (nominal) bore diameters of the various gauges are as follows: 10 gauge = .775 inch, 12 gauge = .729 inch, 16 gauge = .662 inch, 20 gauge = .615 inch, 28 gauge = .550 inch. The .410 is named for its nominal bore size, and is not a gauge at all.
.61 Caliber is the same as 20 gauge. Rifles are generally measured in caliber which is expressed as bore diameter. A .44 magnum means a .44 inch bore; similarly countries with the metric system use metric bore measurements (ie. 9mm Luger) Shotgun measurements are expressed in gauges. Gauge measurements are fractions of a 1 pound ball of lead. A one gauge shotgun shoots a one pound ball of lead. A 12 gauge takes 12 round lead balls to equal a pound and a 10 gauge equals a tenth of a pound. The smaller the gauge; the larger the bore. The only shotgun I am aware of that is measured differently is the .410 shotgun which is approximately .45 caliber or a 67.62 gauge.
The size of the bore.
He/They made shotguns as follows: 10 gauge 12 gauge 16 gauge 20 gauge 28 gauge .410 bore It is entirely possible that they may have made a couple examples that were 8 gauge or even 4 gauge, particularly as double rifles. They also may have made a few 14 gauge, 15 gauge and 24 gauge guns in their history. (obscure gauges from the 19th century for the former two, an obscure early 20th century gauge for the latter)
.410 bore is .410 inches 28 gauge is .550 inches 20 gauge is .615 inches 16 gauge is .662 inches 12 gauge is .729 inches 10 gauge is . 775 inches
If you mean are there other units of measure for firearm bore sizes, the answer is yes. The two most common methods of stating the bore diameter of a firearm are "caliber" and "gauge". Calibers can be expressed in decimals of an inch (examples: .357, .308, .45) or in millimeters (examples: 9 mm, 7.62 mm, 5.56 mm) as measured inside the bore. Rifles and handguns are normally listed by caliber. Gauges are a more dificult to understand. If you make a lead ball the same diameter as the inner bore diameter and figure out how many of the lead balls it would take to make 1 pound, that is your gauge number. Thus a 12 gauge means it would take 12 lead balls to equal 1 pound whereas the smaller diameter 20 gauge would take 20 balls to equal a pound. Shotguns are normally listed by gauge. You can convert gauges to calibers if you want. For eaxmple a 12 gauge is roughly .72 inch caliber.
Size of the bore.
Nothing. Gauge refers to shotgun bore
bore diameter
with a bore gauge