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probably thinking of the Caph system
No the sacred book of Islam is called The Holy Qur'an
I believe that is the Qua'ran
1: Guru 2: Rabbi 3: Ten Commandments 4: Five Precepts 5: Allah 6: Mohammed (assuming it is the Prophet of Islam)
In Islam you have to confirm your belief in one God only and Muhammed(pbuh) is his messenger;basically the shadah.Then the main rules are: you pray five times daily pay sadaqah (donation) when possible fast in the month of Ramadan go to hajj if you can These are the main five
The Muslims have to follow the rules of the Qur'an and the five pillars were taken out of it and are metaphoricly (they aren't really pillars) used as rules. Muslims must follow the Qur'an.
Pillars support things and the discipline of the five (some say six, including jihad) disciplines support the faith of Mohammed.
The Islam five duties are witnessing that there is only one and one God and prophet Muhammad is God's messenger and prophet, praying, fastening, alms giving, and pilgrimage. These five duties are mentioned in the sacred God book called Qur'an. The details of these five duties and how to be performed are explained by prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him.
The only book that Judaism and Islam share, as far as I know, is the Tanakh - The Five Books of Moses (The Torah), Prophets (Nevi'im), and Scriptures (Ktuvim).
Yes, Islam was never fragmented. There are different Islam schools or groups. however, they are believing in the main Islam fundamentals and same holy book and same prophet. however, it is true that the Islam five pillars are a main factor in maintaining Islam unity and integration. see related questions below.
They are called the five Islam pillars. Refer to related question below.
The Five Pillars of Islam . Refer to question below.