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chemoreceptors
chemoreceptors - for smell.
Smell and Taste are the two senses that depend on chemoreceptors
High carbon dioxide
Its the main muscle used in breathing.
The function of the chemoreceptors in regulating breathing is that they respond to low levels of oxyhemeglobin.
The function of the stretch receptors in regulating breathing is to reduce the respiratory rate.
In the AORTA and in the CAROTID ARTERY
Regulating body temperature
The levels of carbon dioxide in the body are monitored by chemoreceptors, (they do this by measuring pH - lower pH means more carbon dioxide). If the levels of carbon dioxide are too high then the respiratory centre of the brain (in the medulla oblongatis) sends signals to the lungs and diaphragm to increase the breathing rate.
chemoreceptors
The receptors that are likely to detect changes in carbon dioxide and oxygen concentration in the blood are chemoreceptors located in the aorta and carotid arteries. These chemoreceptors detect changes in the pH of the blood and send signals to the brain to regulate breathing heart rate and other bodily functions. The receptors are sensitive to the following: Carbon dioxide concentration Oxygen concentration pH of the bloodThe chemoreceptors are located in the walls of the aorta and carotid arteries and are sensitive to the changes in carbon dioxide and oxygen concentrations. When the concentrations of these two gases change the chemoreceptors send signals to the brain which then responds with appropriate adjustments in breathing rate and heart rate.
a substance that inhibits the growth-regulating function of an auxin
RNA manufactures protein
chemoreceptors - for smell.
The truth is that nobody really knows what causes the increase of ventilaion in exercise and keeps it close to metabolic rate. CO2 is a powerful stimulator of breathing and an increase of CO2 is produced by the body in exercise. This increase however is only found in the venous circulation where there are no chemoreceptors to detect it. All of the know chemoreceptors (aortic, carotid and central chemoreceptors) are found in the arterial side where there is relativly no fluctuation in the partial pressure of CO2. Furthermore, when the chemoreceptors are denervated breathing can still increase as normal. Other possible candidates that are involved in increasing breathing are, muscle chemoreceptors, efferencekopie, proprioreceptors, catecholamines, potassium levels...but all are either unlikley to be a cause or are impossible to measure (e.g. efferencekopie). So the textbooks will tell you that ventilation remains close to metabolic rate, but they dont say (beacuse they dont know) how it is kept close to metabolic rate. For further information on this look at works by Mike Parkes (university of Birmingham, united kingdom).
The respiratory centers that control your rate of breathing are in the brainstem or medulla.Specialized nerve cells within the aorta and carotid arteries called peripheral chemoreceptors monitor the oxygen concentration of the blood and feed back on the respiratory centers.Peripheral chemoreceptors also monitor the carbon dioxide concentration in the blood. In addition, a central chemoreceptor in the medulla monitors the carbon dioxide concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) that surrounds the brain and spinal cord; carbon dioxide diffuses easily into the CSF from the blood.If the carbon dioxide concentration gets too high, then both types of chemoreceptors signal the respiratory centers to increase the rate and depth of breathing. The peripheral and central chemoreceptors are also sensitive to the pH of the blood and CSF.