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Most of the Jews despised King Herod the Great, both because he was an Idumean and because he was imposed on Judea by the Romans. Realising that the Jews were his implacable enemies, Herod built a string a forts all around his kingdom, including one at Macherus, which became famous when John the Baptist was executed there in about 35 CE. The forts were not intended to guard against external enemies, but to provide him with places of refuge should the Jews rise up against him.

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Q: What group in Judea were enemies of King Herod the Great?
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How did the roman tighten their control over judea in AD 6?

The emperor Augustus annexed Judea to the Roman Empire in 6 AD (two years after the death of king Herod the Great) not because he wanted to tighten control over Judea, but because the Judeans had asked him to do so. Prior to this, Judea was client kingdom of Rome (a kingdom which was independent, but subordinated to Rome). Herod's Kingdom of Judea was wider than Judea. Augustus was in good term with Herod and let him rule as he saw fit, even though his rule was tyrannical and he was held in contempt by this people. Herod had made six wills in this life. In the fifth will, Herod had named his youngest son Herod Antipas as his heir. Just before he died, and during a fatal illness, Herod changed his will again and made Antipas' elder brother, Herod Archelaus, king of Judea, Idumea and Samaria and gave Antipas Galilee and Perea with the lesser title of tetrarch (ruler of a quarter). Their half-brother Herod Philip II was given the Golan Heights and areas to the east of the River Jordan. Since Judea was a Roman client kingdom Herod's will had to be ratified by the emperor Augustus. Antipas claimed that the sixth will was not valid due to Herod's ill health and argued that he should have the whole kingdom. His brothers wanted the final will to be honoured. The brothers went to Rome to present the dispute to Augustus, who upheld the final will, but, as a compromise, made Archelaus an ethnarch (leader of an ethnic group, a lesser title) instead of a king. Archelaus violently suppressed a protest, killing 3,000 people. A delegation of Jews went to Rome to ask Augustus to depose Archelaus. Since many people were fed up with the tyrannical Herodian dynasty, there were requests for Rome to take over. Augustus annexed Judea to the Roman Empire and turned into a province under the oversight of the governor of Syria.


What was the group that allied themselves with Rome and Herod?

The group that became known as the Essenes allied themselves with ancient Rome and Herod.


What did King Herod do to help the ancient Roman empire?

Herod did not have to do much to help the Romans, they did not need it. They were already the overlords of Judea. It was more the other way round; it was the Romans who supported Herod. He just needed to show them he loyal to them. Herod was installed by force by the Romans as an ethanrch, which was a king of a conquered ethnic group. The Roman let the leaders of the conquered areas get on with ruling their areas as long as they were loyal to Rome and paid taxes to the Romans. Herod used Roman support to consolidate his power with brutality. He was unpopular among the Jew of Judea because he was from outside Judea and because his family had been forced to convert to Judaism and some Jews doubted his commitment to this religion, especially considering his decadent lifestyle. As long as Herod managed to maintain power and preserve political stability, the Romans did not interfere. More in particular, Herod had to show he supported Augustus, the first Roman emperor, because during the Final Civil War of the Roman Republic he had supported the opponent of Augustus (who back then was called Octavian) in that war, Mark Antony.


Who ruled Israel while Jesus was alive?

Augustus Caesar was the ruler of the Roman Empire at the time of the birth of Jesus. Tiberias was emperor throughout the time of his ministry. Herod the Great was the ruler of Judea, Samaria, Galilee, Perea and Idumea. After the death of Herod in 4 BC, his kingdom was divided and his heirs became tetrarchs (or ruler of a quarter). Salome I, (not the Salome who asked for the head of John the Baptist)), was Herod's sister and ruled the cities of Jabneh, Azotas, Phaesalis) Herod Archelaus ruled Judea, Samaria and Idumea until he was dismissed in 6 CE by Augustus Caesar. This region then came under the rule of Quirinius the governor of Syria and prefects were appointed by the emperor to rule the new province named Iudea (basically a Roman spelling for Judea). Quirinius was governor from 6 AD to 12 AD. Coponius ruled from 6 AD to 9 AD. Pontius Pilate ruled from 26 AD to 36 AD. Herod Antipas ruled as tetrarch of Galilee and Perea from 4 BC until he was dismissed by Caligula in 39 AD. Philip the Tetrarch inherited the northeastern portion of his father's kingdom: Gaulanitus and rebuilt Caesaria Philippi (named after himself). The only other significant territory was the Decapolis which was a group of ten cities that were essentially Roman colonies and self-ruling.


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