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Between September 29 and October 5, 1944, SS troops surrounded the mountainous area of Monte Sole and searched the villages of Marzabotto, Girzzana, and Monzuno for partisans. SS troops under the command of Walter Reder rounded up and shot 955 civilians, including 216 children and 316 women, ostensibly in an attempt to rout the Italian resistance. The victims are buried in the local cemetery. The massacre was the worst atrocity carried out in Italy during World War II. Reder was sentenced to life imprisonment by a military tribunal in Bologna in 1951, seven years after the slaughter. He was freed in 1985. On 17 April, 2002, German President Johannes Rau expressed his "profound sorrow and shame" to Italy for this event. A good book on this is: “Silence on Monte Sole” by Jack Olsen, published by G. P. Putnam and Sons, New York, 1968
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