they finished by different political events.
they finished by different political events.
to northwest europe
None. Caliphs came to power in the Medieval Period. As for the Medieval period, the Caliphs were the leaders of the Muslim Empires called Caliphates. The four first Caliphs were called the Rightly-Guided Caliphs and they also had some religious authority in Islam. Because of the barbarity of the Umayyad Caliphs, the religious authority left the Caliphs and vested in the local Imams. Religious authority would return to the Caliphs in the mid-1500s in the Ottoman Empire until Atatürk abolished the Caliphate in 1936.
The first four Muslim caliphs, known as the Rashidun Caliphs, expanded the Islamic state significantly during their reigns from 632 to 661 CE. They conquered vast territories, including the Arabian Peninsula, parts of the Byzantine Empire (notably Syria and Egypt), and large portions of the Sassanian Empire (including modern-day Iraq and Iran). This expansion laid the foundation for the subsequent Umayyad Caliphate and established a significant Islamic presence across the Middle East. The total area conquered was roughly equivalent to over two million square miles.
Madina Munawra was the Capital of The Muslim State established by the holy Prophet Muhammad (SAW). The first three Rashidoon Caliphs remained here and are buried here.
After Muhammad's death in 632 CE, the Islamic Empire rapidly expanded under the leadership of the first four caliphs, known as the Rashidun Caliphs. This period saw the consolidation of Muslim rule across the Arabian Peninsula and the conquest of territories in the Byzantine and Sasanian empires. Internal divisions eventually emerged, leading to the Sunni-Shia split and ongoing conflicts over leadership and authority. The Umayyad Caliphate later succeeded the Rashidun, further expanding the empire into parts of Europe, Africa, and Asia.
The city of Madina was the first Muslim settlement.
It depends how you read this question.If by the "the Caliphs" you are referring to the four Rightly-Guided Caliphs, they were followed by Mu'awiya, the founder of the Umayyad Dynasty of Caliphs. If you are referring to the Caliphate as an institution, it was abolished in 1924 by the Republic of Turkey. However, most Muslim countries had operated with sovereign governments during the period of the Caliphate (in much the same way that most Catholic countries are not directly ruled by the Pope) and even the Caliph in the Ottoman Empire was purely a religious authority since the Ottoman Sultan wielded political power.
The Arab Empire was a Muslim Empire and the first Muslim Empire. It aided in the dissemination of Islam and its establishment as a religion with dogmas and power structures.
Only Muslim Arabs were first-class citizens of this great empire.
Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and the four first caliphs (or Muslim rulers); namely Abou Bakr, Omar Ibn AlKhattab, Othman Ibn Affan, and Ali Ibn about Taleb.
of th Jewish empire