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Safety flame
Because more air is able to fuel the flame's reaction; the collar at the bottom of the tube is adjusted so more air can mix with the gas before combustion, the flame will burn hotter.
There is a lack of oxygen in the flame itself (most probably because of the air holes in the Bunsen burner or of your burning device) this effect would create a luminous flame (better known as a yellow flame). A kind of flame that does not burn as hot as a non-luminous flame (better known as a blue flame)
If you are referring to the flue located at the bottom of the burner, it is used to control how much air is fed to the flame. The more air that that you allow to enter (i.e. uncovering the opening) the higher the flame will get and vice versa.
When you close the air holes, there will not be enough oxygen entering the burner to react with all the gas. As a result the methane cannot burn completely and carbon (soot) remains unburned.
As more air enters the Bunsen Burner, the flame turns from a flickering (wax candle effect) yellow to a fierce sounding blue, much hotter, flame.
Safety flame
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I assume the air holes are on a bunsen burner? In which case, when the air hole is closed the flame glows yellow, is less hot, and is more like the flame on a wax candle. When the air hole is opened, air is drawn in and the flame burns blue and produces a fiercer heat.
When the air hole on a Bunsen burner is closed, air is excluded, so the flame becomes a yellowish candle-like flame.
Flame luminosity occurs because of lack of oxygen. Also, the air holes in the Bunsen burner affects the flame.
It gains a yellow colour and becomes large and wavy hence luminous flame
because you have the vents open on the bunsen burner the flame is getting more oxygen, making it hotter. Different flame types of Bunsen burner depending on flow through the throat holes (holes on the side of the Bunsen burner -- not to be confused with the needle valve for gas flow adjustment). 1) air hole closed (Safety flame used for when not in use or lighting). 2) air hole slightly open. 3) air hole half open. 4) air hole almost fully open (this is the roaring blue flame).
When you close the air holes, there will not be enough oxygen entering the burner to react with all the gas. As a result the methane cannot burn completely and carbon (soot) remains unburned.
The four(4) flame types of Bunsen burner is depending on flow through the throat holes (holes on the side of the Bunsen burner -- not to be confused with the needle valve for gas flow adjustment). 1) air hole closed (Safety flame used for when not in use or lighting). 2) air hole slightly open. 3) air hole half open. 4) air hole almost fully open (this is the roaring blue flame).
Because more air is able to fuel the flame's reaction; the collar at the bottom of the tube is adjusted so more air can mix with the gas before combustion, the flame will burn hotter.
A bunsen burner (as used in a science lab or science classroom) will burn quietly, and a flickery yellow (like a wax candle) if the air hole is closed, or closed too much. If the air holes is opened, the flame will turn bluish and become noisy and hotter as more air mixes with the gas.