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What happened when The city-states of Kano and Katsina were located along the route that linked other West African states with the Mediterranean.?
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What religious practices did the Anasazi perform?
The Anasazi belived in a creator, and that all living things have a spirit which is part of a Great Spirit. Their beliefs focused on survival, mainly food and water. They believed that their main responsibility was to honor the Earth.
Why were kachina dolls important to the American Indians?
Kachina "dolls" are not important to all American Indians. They are important to the different groups of the Western Pueblo peoples in the American Southwest. Some katchina dolls were actual dolls for teaching kids and play for girls. These tend to be much simpler than the ones that are often seen. Other kachina "dolls" are produced as artwork and for sale. Others are for religious purposes and associated with the kachina religion. Each one represents and embodies a different kachina spirit. They not worshipped . They are powerful beings who, if given veneration and respect, can use their particular power for human good. The beliefs vary from group to group. Amoung the Hopi, the kachina live on the San Francisco Peaks near Flagstaff Arizona. The word in Hopi is katsina , plural katsinim. The important ones are called wuya. They come to visit the Hopi mesas at certain times of year. Some people are chosen to dress as and embody the kachina for ceremonies and dances. The kachina "dolls' for religious purposes are very carefully taken care of and "fed' cornmeal and blessings are said over them. Some important kachina, that had been taken, and were being sold in Paris, were recently returned to the Hopi people. There are about 60 or more kachina in the Hopi.Among the Zuni, the kachina live the Lake of the Dead where the Zuni river meets the Little Colorado.
What is the history of the Islamic banking system in the Nigerian economy?
Islamic banking has the same purpose as conventional banking except that it operates in accordance with the rules of Sharia, known as Fiqh al-Muamalat (Islamic rules on transactions). The basic principle of Islamic banking is the sharing of profit and loss and the prohibition of riba´ (interest). Amongst the common Islamic concepts used in Islamic banking are profit sharing (Mudharabah), safekeeping (Wadiah), joint venture (Musharakah), cost plus (Murabahah), and leasing (Ijarah).In an Islamic mortgage transaction, instead of loaning the buyer money to purchase the item, a bank might buy the item itself from the seller, and re-sell it to the buyer at a profit, while allowing the buyer to pay the bank in installments. However, the fact that it is profit cannot be made explicit and therefore there are no additional penalties for late payment. In order to protect itself against default, the bank asks for strict collateral. The goods or land is registered to the name of the buyer from the start of the transaction. This arrangement is called Murabaha.Another approach is Ijara wa Iqtina, which is similar to real-estate leasing. Islamic banks handle loans for vehicles in a similar way (selling the vehicle at a higher-than-market price to the debtor and then retaining ownership of the vehicle until the loan is paid). There are several other approaches used in business deals. Islamic banks lend their money to companies by issuing floating rate interest loans. The floating rate of interest is pegged to the company's individual rate of return. Thus the bank's profit on the loan is equal to a certain percentage of the company's profits. Once the principal amount of the loan is repaid, the profit-sharing arrangement is concluded. This practice is called Musharaka. Further, Mudaraba is venture capital funding of an entrepreneur who provides labor while financing is provided by the bank so that both profit and risk are shared. Such participatory arrangements between capital and labor reflect the Islamic view that the borrower must not bear all the risk/cost of a failure, resulting in a balanced distribution of income and not allowing lender to monopolize the economy. And finally, Islamic banking is restricted to islamically acceptable deals, which exclude those involving alcohol, pork, gambling, etc. Thus ethical investing is the only acceptable form of investment, and moral purchasing is encouraged. JAIZ International is trying to see that it has establish an Islamic bank in this country, however with the review of Capital adequacy in Nigerian banks, the Islamic bank is delayed. Although the N25B Capital base is one condition for the establishment of an Islamic bank in Nigeria, but we see that there is more to meeting this CBN condition. The most important required conditions are: Managerial commitment, sharia supervisory board, safeguarding Muslim investor's fund and compliance with AAOIFI standards. Managerial commitment: The management must be fully convinced of the concept and fully committed and dedicated to it. Unless the entire management is committed and convinced, the business activities and the enterprise will not be foul free or will not escape irregularities and deviation. Regardless of how strict and stringent fatwa and contracts are, this will not ensure sound practices if there is no one sufficiently SINCERE and committed to implement the principles.• Sharia Supervisory Board: There should be a sharia supervisory board for any Islamic bank, and that board should consist of trustworthy scholars who are highly qualified to issue fatawa on financial transactions.Giving our present situation within the MUSLIMS today how do we constitute the members of the board? Another issue is TRUST from the customers who may use the banks fund, when it comes to profit sharing. Last but not the least is ENLIGHTEMENT, many people even within the Muslim are not aware of how Islamic banks operate. Therefore there is urgent need for a serious enlightenment to the public on operational modalities and requirement of an Islamic bank. Other options that may be considered by JAIZ or even states like SOKOTO, KANO BORNO, KATSINA etc is to establish an ISLAMIC MICRO FINANCE at local government level. The recently approved MICRO FINANCE BANKS can be converted to an Islamic one. In a symposium held at Harvard University on FINANCING THE POOR: Towards Islamic Microfinance some time last year, Nazim Ali has pointed out that Microfinance is not reaching the poorest of the poor, even though this is its purpose, and loans are going to activities unrelated to entrepreneurship. Islamic finance could, in principle and in practice, correct these defects. Robert Annibale, global director of microfinance for Citigroup, shared his insights into both Islamic finance and microfinance. He described microfinance institutions as self-styled "bankers of the poor `, originally rooted in domestic, local markets but increasing expanding into larger markets and offering a broader range of services. He noted that the high operating costs, passed on to the customer in the form of high interest rates, are a hurdle for the poor. He felt that this was where there is potential for Islamic finance to make a difference. Under conventional microfinance, risk is borne by borrowers and rarely held by the institutions. Islamic finance focuses on interest-free methods of providing capital, because the shari'ah holds lending to be a purely charitable exercise, rather than a means of making a profit, Islamic finance is also accustomed to methods of risk-reward sharing between the institution and the borrower. Islamic microfinance banks have grown significantly in countries like Pakistan, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Bangladesh. In fact, Islamic microfinance institutions enjoy greater penetration than traditional commercial banks in Bangladesh. It is high time for us here in Nigeria (particularly in the north because the south have started) to start introducing Islamic microfinance banks which will graduate to a full BANK in future.Requirements for Islamic Banking in NigeriaAccording to a draft framework released by the Central Bank in March,Ø Islamic banks, referred to as non-interest banks shall be licensed in accordance with the requirements for a new banking license issued by the Central Bank of Nigeria from time to time.Ø Conventional banks operating in Nigeria may offer sharia-compliant products and services through their non-interest banking branches or windows. However, such branches or windows cannot offer conventional banking or interest based products and services.Ø Banks offering non-interest banking products and services shall not include the words "Islamic" as part of their registered or licensed name. This, the draft described as being in line with the provisions of Section 39 (1) of Banks and other Financial Institutions Act (BOFIA) 1991 (as amended). They shall how-ever, be recognized by a uniform logo to be designed and approved by the CBN. The CBN shall require all the banks' signages and promotional materials to carry the logo to facilitate recognition by consumers.Ø The Central Bank shall set up an advisory committee on non-interest bank-ing within the CBN to be called the CBN Shariah Council (CSC), which will be outsourced. The Council shall advise the CBN on Islamic laws and principles for the purposes of regulating non-interest banking business.Ø All non-interest banks are required to maintain a minimum Risk Weighted Asset Ratio of 10.0% or as may be determined by the CBN from time to time for the purpose of calculating its Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR).Ø All applications must be submitted with the required documents including a Non-refundable application fee of N500, 000.00 and deposit of minimum capital of N25 billion with the Central Bank of Nigeria.Ø Not later than six (6) months after the grant of an Approval In Principle (A.I.P), the promoters of a proposed bank must submit application for the grant of a final banking license to the Director of Banking Supervision with a Non-refundable licensing fee of N5 million in bank draft payable to the CBN and other required documents
What is Katsina's population?
The population of Katsina is 318,459.
When was Katsina created?
Katsina was created in 1967.
What is the area of Katsina?
The area of Katsina is 142 square kilometers.
When was Hassan Katsina born?
Hassan Katsina was born on 1933-03-31.
When was A. I. Katsina-Alu born?
A. I. Katsina-Alu was born on 1941-08-28.
When was Katsina State created?
Katsina State was created on 1987-09-23.
What is the area of Katsina State?
The area of Katsina State is 24,192 square kilometers.
What has the author Munir Muhammad Katsina written?
Munir Muhammad Katsina has written: 'ZaBi naka'
What is the name of present governor of katsina?
The name of the present Governor of Katsina state is Ibrahim shehu shema. He is formerly a Barrister before he become the Governor. I knew this because I am from Funtua a L.G.A in Katsina state.
When did Hassan Katsina die?
Hassan Khayyam died on October 31, 1964, in Los Angeles, California, USA.
What has the author Lamis Ibrahim Katsina written?
Lamis Ibrahim Katsina has written: 'Impeaching Governor Balarabe Musa! and NPN's criminal morality' -- subject(s): National Party of Nigeria, Politics and government
What is the country code and area code of Katsina Nigeria?
The country code and area code of Katsina, Nigeria is 234, (0)65.
