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when a capacitor reaches it, it acts as a battery
When a capacitor is connected to a circuit, the current flow through the capacitor initially increases and then decreases as the capacitor charges up.
A capacitor discharges when it releases the stored electrical energy it has accumulated. This typically happens when the capacitor is connected to a circuit or load that allows the energy to flow out of the capacitor.
What happens to the current in a circuit as a capacitor charges depends on the circuit. As a capacitor charges, the voltage drop across it increases. In a typical circuit with a constant voltage source and a resistor charging the capacitor, then the current in the circuit will decrease logarithmically over time as the capacitor charges, with the end result that the current is zero, and the voltage across the capacitor is the same as the voltage source.
If you apply a higher voltage to a capacitor than it is rated it could over heat and explode.
In order to double the voltage across a capacitor, you need to stuff twice as much charge into it.
As the capacitor charges the led will dim until it's minimum operational voltage is reached and it goes out.
An inductor can be used, in principle, but it has to be the right inductance, it will waste more power than a capacitor, and the motor would rotate the opposite way.
An open circuit, by definition, has no continuity, therefore there is no current flow. A failed capacitor in an open circuit would have absolutely no effect.
A leaky capacitor will act like a load therefore decreasing the DC and increasing ripple eventually the capacitor it will self destruct because of heating probaly taking out the rectifiers as well.
C=QV it doesnt depend on size.
Changing the dielectric causes the capacitance to change.