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By poking, prodding, analyzing rock, testing hypotheses. The scientific method.
The boundaries of tectonic plates and the internal structure of the earth.
How far north or south of the equator the location lies.
Orbital ephemera. They consider its position relative to the sun, earth/moon, and other planets. Over a period of days they can determine its orbit, and whether that orbit likely intersects ours.
That the earth was flat.
round shape
the earth quakes and volcanoes have helped in the study of the inner parts of the earth
James Hutton and Charles Lyell were the two scientists that helped Darwin recognize how old the Earth is.
The speed of the waves that travel through the interior can tell the density of each layer of the Earth. Some waves can make it through certain layers, but not others.
Scientists determined that the Earth has layers through studying how seismic waves travel. These seismic waves differed depending on how thick the layer was.
Determine the age of the layers of rocks
how earthquakes helped in determining the different layers of earth
James Hulton and Charles Lyell.
About 4.5 to 4.7 billion years ago. It's difficult to determine it more precisely; we weren't there.
Severals methods are all combined to give the scientist info on the layers of the Earth. For example they study the influence of the earth on orbits of the moon and other planets (mass distribution of the earth, mass density). They study the way seismic waves go through the earth which gives knowledge of layers. They use wave to sound. They examine sample of earth.
By poking, prodding, analyzing rock, testing hypothesis. The scientific method.
By poking, prodding, analyzing rock, testing hypotheses. The scientific method.