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What scientists discovered that individual genes control the production of individual proteins?
C and D
How have scientists made bacteria more useful today?
Scientists have taken restriction enzymes out of bacteria; restriction enzymes are used to cut DNA at cut sites. Also, they insert genes into bacteria to study them.
Scientists have successfully transformed bacteria with human genes Describe one current use of the technology in medicine?
Human genes can be inserted into a bacteria and produce large numbers of human proteins on an industrial state!!
What is the simple subject in the sentence By studying human genes scientists hope to learn more about how to prevent and cure hereditary disease?
Human Genes
What are genes How do they differ from bacteria?
some genes are skinny some are boot cut but bacteria are bacteria
What is a genomic library?
Specific human genes stored in virus, bacteria and yeast hosts no, the genes are randomly inserted into vectors. a cDNA library houses tissue-specific sequences derived from an mRNA transcript so that it contains only genes that code for protein.
Why can bacteria express human genes?
It is my understanding that often eukariotic (multicellular organisms like humans) genes do not "work"(that is, cannot be translated) in prokariotes(bacteria) because bacteria are very very simple compaired to eukaria. Eukaria have complecated structures and mechanisms for the transcription and translation of DNA, bacteria only have plasmids and ribosomes. However, we have been able to get bacteria to use some human genes, most notably the gene to make insulin. Because eukariotic DNA has introns(random, useless segments of DNA) that are removed by special machinery before it is transcribed, scientists must remove all of the introns before inserting the DNA into the bacteria. They do this by obtaining mRNA from a human before it is transcribed in the ribosome, and using the enzyme reverse transcriptase(an enzyme in retroviruses such as HIV) to reverse transcribe the mRNA into cDNA("complementary" DNA that does not contain introns). cDNA can be spliced into a bacterium, and we can often make the genes "work" in bacteria. To answer the question, the genetic code is the same in every organism, so we can make human genes work in bacteria.
Viruses frequently infect bacteria and insert new genes into the genetic material of the bacteria When these infected bacteria reproduce asexually which genes would most likely be passed on?
The genes that are inserted by the virus into the bacteria's genetic material would most likely be passed on during asexual reproduction. This can lead to the spread of the viral genes to the bacteria's offspring.
The use of genetic engineering to transfer human genes into bacteria?
This results in bacteria expressing human proteins or genes.
Is it true that the functions are unknown for over 50 of discovered genes?
It's true. The functions are unknown for over 50 percent of discovered genes, which means that scientists must continue to work to find out what these genes do. It's possible that some of these genes may be responsible for many of the diseases that plague people, and identifying them is the first step to eradicating those diseases.
How does DNA technology transfer bacteria genes from cell to cell?
DNA technology will transfer bacteria genes from cell to cell.
Manipulation of genes that allows scientists to put genes from one organism into another organism?
i think its called intercourse between scientists
