The Earth's magnetic field acts as a shield, deflecting charged particles (cosmic rays) away from the surface. This helps reduce the intensity of cosmic rays reaching the Earth's surface. However, cosmic rays can still penetrate the atmosphere at higher latitudes where the magnetic field is weaker.
Cosmic rays can enter Earth through Mars because Mars has a thinner atmosphere than Earth, allowing cosmic rays to penetrate more easily. The lack of a strong magnetic field on Mars also means there is less protection against cosmic rays compared to Earth. This makes Mars a potential gateway for cosmic rays to reach Earth.
Cosmic rays are continuously present in space - regardless of what day (or year) it is. Luckily, we are protected from cosmic rays on the surface of the Earth by the Earth's atmosphere and magnetic field. A small amount of comic rays can still reach the Earth's surface - particularly at higher altitudes.
Cosmic rays can be extremely dangerous, and exposure to them can cause genetic mutations, cancer, radiation posion, and death. Luckily, life on Earth is largely protected from these harmful effects by the Earth's atmosphere (which stops all cosmic rays with energies below 1 GeV) and the Earth's magnetic field (which deflects cosmic rays).
Cosmic rays can be found throughout the universe, including in space and on Earth. They originate from sources such as supernovae, black holes, pulsars, and other high-energy cosmic events. They constantly bombard Earth's atmosphere, but can also be detected in space by satellites and telescopes.
The Earth's magnetic field acts as a shield, deflecting charged particles (cosmic rays) away from the surface. This helps reduce the intensity of cosmic rays reaching the Earth's surface. However, cosmic rays can still penetrate the atmosphere at higher latitudes where the magnetic field is weaker.
From solar radiation and cosmic rays
There are certain high-energy particles electrically charged particles that are emitted from the sun and travel toward our planet. These particles are called Cosmic Rays. If they were allowed to strike the earth, they would kill all life on the planet. However, the earth's magnetic field deflects the vast majority of these particles, keeping them from hitting the planet. If the magnetic field was too small, it would not deflect enough of these Cosmic Rays. If the field was too strong, it would deflect the cosmic rays, but it would cause a deadly magnetic storm that would make life impossible!
Cosmic rays can enter Earth through Mars because Mars has a thinner atmosphere than Earth, allowing cosmic rays to penetrate more easily. The lack of a strong magnetic field on Mars also means there is less protection against cosmic rays compared to Earth. This makes Mars a potential gateway for cosmic rays to reach Earth.
the atmosphere
Cosmic rays are continuously present in space - regardless of what day (or year) it is. Luckily, we are protected from cosmic rays on the surface of the Earth by the Earth's atmosphere and magnetic field. A small amount of comic rays can still reach the Earth's surface - particularly at higher altitudes.
A charged particle naturally changes direction in a magnetic field. This is because any charged particle produces a magnetic field when it is moving. And if the charged particle is moving through a magnetic field, the two fields (in this case the Earth's and the one created by the moving particle) interact to deflect the particle. The particle will be deflected "to the side" or laterally, and positively charged particles will be deflected in the opposite direction of negatively charged one.
Cosmic rays.
Cosmic rays can be extremely dangerous, and exposure to them can cause genetic mutations, cancer, radiation posion, and death. Luckily, life on Earth is largely protected from these harmful effects by the Earth's atmosphere (which stops all cosmic rays with energies below 1 GeV) and the Earth's magnetic field (which deflects cosmic rays).
poles
Secondary cosmic rays are the product of collisions with primary cosmic rays. Primary ones are the kind that arrive from space and hit earth - typically air molecules in the upper atmosphere, which creates (and transfers its energy to) other particles, often creating a shower ('air shower') of secondary particles, also of high energy. Even though these products are results of collisions from within the Earth's atmosphere, they are still referred to as cosmic rays, although given the name "Secondary" cosmic rays. Note that secondary cosmic rays' composition or relative composition can differ from the cosmic rays arriving from space; particularly as new particles like muons and pions can be generated.
Cosmic rays can be found throughout the universe, including in space and on Earth. They originate from sources such as supernovae, black holes, pulsars, and other high-energy cosmic events. They constantly bombard Earth's atmosphere, but can also be detected in space by satellites and telescopes.