In order for something to be willed to someone, it has to be in the estate.
Both individuals will have equal rights to the property as tenants in common.
No.
Only insofar as the judgment can be levied against the estate of the deceased. Since it can be assumed that the willed property was part of the estate's assets then it can be liened if there are insufficient other funds in the estate's assets to satisfy the judgment.
It will depend greatly on the laws in the jurisdiction. In most cases they have the right to a third or more of the homestead. Check with a probate attorney in your jurisdiction.
A personal loan is an asset to the estate. As such it can be willed to someone else if there is proper documentation of the loan.
That vehicle will go to whoever that person willed it to. If no one was willed for it then it will go to the next of kin or whoever is taking over the estate.
No. The surviving partner has no right of inheritance unless the decedent left a will making the survivor the beneficiary.
Yes, unless these assets had been part of a trust and moved within such entity at least 10 years prior to the legal action. Any willed assets are first subject to the debts and claims upon the deceased estate by its creditors, leaders and litigants. However, if the balance owed becomes negative you would not be liable for paying his remaining bill; at least not in the US.
There is no requirement that the estate do so. It could be done depending on the will and the number of debts involved.
Yes, it is possible to "disclaim" a gift to you, meaning you never legally possess it. This is sometimes done for financial reasons or other legal technicalities, such as an heir who does not want to own real estate in a particular jurisdiction.
Only the administrator of the estate, or any person the car was willed to can sell the car.
Charles Kuralt
The executor of the estate assumes all responsibilities associated with the estate. Of course, the payment for the appraisal will come out of estate assets.