What is Difference between molecular spectroscopy and atomic spectroscopy?

Answer 1

Atomic elements are those that exist in nature with single atoms as their basic units. For example, He, Al, Fe, Mg. Molecular elements do not normally exist in nature with single atoms as their basic units. Instead, these elements exist as molecules, two or more atoms of the element boned together. For example, O2, H2, N2, Cl2. Do not confuse Molecular ELEMENTS with Molecular COMPOUNDS. Molecular compounds are usually composed of two or more covalently bonded nonmetals. For example, H2O and CO2.

Answer 2

Unless you're truly nitpicky, there's no real difference at least in the way the terms are used these days.

Historically, the endings make reference to slightly different processes -- Photography vs photometry is about collecting the light vs measuring it; however spectrometry pretty much had to collect photons from the beginning so the line between the two is blurred.

Outside light-measurements, the -metry ending appears more common in practice (as in "mass-spectrometer") but there, too, usage is not always consistent.

BTW there's a third term, spectrography, which is also used mostly interchangably with the other two these days.

(Note that there are in principle IUPAC norms and any one peer-reviewed journal may just have an editor that is hidebound enough to care about such subtle distinctions -- however using any one of the terms will generally be perfectly understood by any practicioner in any of the various fields and a quick scan of the titles of presentations at the last meeting of the American Physical Society shows a fairly even distributions of the terms even in reference to the same experiment).

Answer 3

Atomic orbitals describe the probable locations of electrons in solitary atoms. The most familiar atomic orbitals are s, p, d, and f (although the exotic, high energy orbitals h, g, i, etc. theoretically exist). Molecular orbitals describe the probable locations of electrons in molecules (compounds made of multiple atoms). Like atomic orbitals, molecular orbitals are "filled" by two electrons of opposite spin. Atomic orbitals "mix" to form molecular orbitals. In chemistry, molecular orbitals broadly fall into sigma and pi classes: sigma describe single bonds, and pi describes the "extra" bonds in double and triple bonds. They are also divided into bonding, non-bonding, and antibonding orbitals. In an H2 hydrogen molecule for example, two 1s atomic orbitals (one from each hydrogen atom) mix to form one sigma bonding orbital (filled with two electrons) and one sigma* antibonding orbital (empty). Modern molecular orbital theory is very complex. Predicting the shapes, energies, and characteristics of orbitals is difficult and next to impossible without specialized computer software. The most widely used standard for solving molecular orbitals currently is the Hartree-Fock method.

Answer 4

Atomic spectroscopy concerns only the properties of atoms, whereas molecular spectroscopy concerns the molecules which are infinitely more numerous.

With atomic spectroscopy you can found the nature and the amounts of a given element in your sample.

Molecular spectroscopy concerns all the interaction of electromagnetic waves with the matter and gives you much more advice than atomic spectroscopy especially about chemical functions, structure of matter.

By Abdul Jabbar

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Answer 5

Atomic Mass is the mass of one atom of a particular element. For example, Oxygen has an atomic mass of 16u and Hydrogen has an atomic mass of 1u approximately (The actual value is 1.008 u).

Molecular mass on the other hand is the sum of atomic masses of all the atoms present in a molecule. For example, H2O (Water) has a molecular mass of 18u approximately.

It is obtained by multiplying the atomic mass of en element by the number of atoms present and then adding up the atomic mass of all the elements, i.e., (2x1) + (1x16) = 18u. We are multiplying 1 by 2 as there are 2 atoms of hydrogen in the molecule.

Answer 6

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Answer 7

A molecule has additional spectral lines due to changes in its rotational and vibrational energies.

Answer 8

Spectroscopy is qualitative, spectrometry is quantitative.

Answer 9

In molecular spectroscopy molecules absorb radiations; in atomic spectroscopy atoms absorb radiations.