Osgood and Schramm's Circular Model of Communication (1954) was an attempt to rectify the earlier linear models of communication. It can happen within our self (Intra personal communication) or two people (Inter personal communication) each person acts as both sender and receiver and hence use interpretation.
"Osgood" was Charles E. Osgood (1916 - 1991). He was a psychologist who also did research into semantics (the study of how meaning is created, and how words change meaning over time). He and Wilbur Schramm became very well-known for their essays about communication in the 1950s: mass communication was a relatively new field of study back then, and both men did research about it, as well as researching interpersonal communication.
Osgood communication, often associated with the Osgood-Schramm model, refers to a dynamic and interactive process of communication where both the sender and receiver actively engage in encoding, decoding, and feedback. It emphasizes that meaning is co-created through collaboration and shared experiences, rather than being a one-way transmission of information. This model highlights the importance of context, perception, and understanding in effective communication.
Schramm's model
The transactional model of communication incorporates feedback and interaction between sender and receiver, unlike the Shannon and Weaver and Schramm models, which focus more on one-way transmission. In the transactional model, communication is seen as a dynamic and continuous process where both parties play active roles in encoding and decoding messages. The transactional model emphasizes the importance of context, culture, and shared meaning in communication.
Wilbur Schramm has written: 'The people look at educational television' 'Communication satellites for education, science and culture'
The four primary models of communication are the Shannon-Weaver Model, Berlo's SMCR Model, Schramm's Model, and Barnlund's Transactional Model. The Shannon-Weaver Model emphasizes the sender, message, channel, receiver, and noise as key elements. Berlo's SMCR Model focuses on Source, Message, Channel, and Receiver, highlighting the importance of each component in effective communication. Schramm's Model introduces the concept of shared experience, while Barnlund's Transactional Model illustrates communication as a dynamic, continuous process where all participants are simultaneously senders and receivers.
Models of communication can be categorized into several types, including linear, interactive, and transactional models. The linear model, such as Shannon and Weaver's model, depicts communication as a one-way process where a sender transmits a message to a receiver. The interactive model adds feedback, emphasizing the two-way nature of communication, as seen in Schramm's model. The transactional model recognizes that communication is simultaneous and dynamic, with both parties actively sending and receiving messages, influencing each other in real-time.
Communication models are frameworks that describe how information is transmitted and received. The main types include the Shannon-Weaver model, which focuses on the transmission of signals and noise, the Berlo’s SMCR model (Source-Message-Channel-Receiver) emphasizing the components of communication, and the Schramm model, which highlights the importance of shared experiences and fields of experience between communicators. Other models, like Barnlund's transactional model, view communication as a dynamic and continuous process where all parties are simultaneously senders and receivers. Each model offers unique insights into the complexities of communication.
http://www.uri.edu/personal/carson/kulveted/wlsmodel.html
A model of communication is a theoretical framework that describes how information is transmitted and received between individuals or groups. It typically outlines the components involved, such as the sender, message, medium, receiver, and feedback, while also considering factors like noise and context that can affect communication. Various models, such as Shannon and Weaver's linear model or Schramm's interactive model, help illustrate the complexity and dynamics of communication processes. These models are useful for analyzing and improving communication in various contexts, from interpersonal interactions to mass media.
The Schramm model of communication emphasizes the role of shared experiences and fields of experience between the sender and receiver, highlighting how meaning is constructed in the context of their backgrounds. In contrast, the Shannon model, often referred to as the Shannon-Weaver model, focuses on the technical aspects of communication, such as the transmission of messages through a channel and the impact of noise on the clarity of the message. While the Shannon model is more concerned with the efficiency and accuracy of communication, the Schramm model delves into the personal and contextual factors that shape understanding.
complexity situation did not considered.