"Osgood" was Charles E. Osgood (1916 - 1991). He was a psychologist who also did research into semantics (the study of how meaning is created, and how words change meaning over time). He and Wilbur Schramm became very well-known for their essays about communication in the 1950s: Mass Communication was a relatively new field of study back then, and both men did research about it, as well as researching interpersonal communication.
Osgood communication, often associated with the Osgood-Schramm model, refers to a dynamic and interactive process of communication where both the sender and receiver actively engage in encoding, decoding, and feedback. It emphasizes that meaning is co-created through collaboration and shared experiences, rather than being a one-way transmission of information. This model highlights the importance of context, perception, and understanding in effective communication.
Schramm's model
The Schramm model of communication emphasizes the role of shared experiences and fields of experience between the sender and receiver, highlighting how meaning is constructed in the context of their backgrounds. In contrast, the Shannon model, often referred to as the Shannon-Weaver model, focuses on the technical aspects of communication, such as the transmission of messages through a channel and the impact of noise on the clarity of the message. While the Shannon model is more concerned with the efficiency and accuracy of communication, the Schramm model delves into the personal and contextual factors that shape understanding.
complexity situation did not considered.
The four primary models of communication are the Shannon-Weaver Model, Berlo's SMCR Model, Schramm's Model, and Barnlund's Transactional Model. The Shannon-Weaver Model emphasizes the sender, message, channel, receiver, and noise as key elements. Berlo's SMCR Model focuses on Source, Message, Channel, and Receiver, highlighting the importance of each component in effective communication. Schramm's Model introduces the concept of shared experience, while Barnlund's Transactional Model illustrates communication as a dynamic, continuous process where all participants are simultaneously senders and receivers.
Osgood and Schramm's Circular Model of Communication (1954) was an attempt to rectify the earlier linear models of communication. It can happen within our self (Intra personal communication) or two people (Inter personal communication) each person acts as both sender and receiver and hence use interpretation.
Osgood communication, often associated with the Osgood-Schramm model, refers to a dynamic and interactive process of communication where both the sender and receiver actively engage in encoding, decoding, and feedback. It emphasizes that meaning is co-created through collaboration and shared experiences, rather than being a one-way transmission of information. This model highlights the importance of context, perception, and understanding in effective communication.
Schramm's model
The Schramm model of communication emphasizes the role of shared experiences and fields of experience between the sender and receiver, highlighting how meaning is constructed in the context of their backgrounds. In contrast, the Shannon model, often referred to as the Shannon-Weaver model, focuses on the technical aspects of communication, such as the transmission of messages through a channel and the impact of noise on the clarity of the message. While the Shannon model is more concerned with the efficiency and accuracy of communication, the Schramm model delves into the personal and contextual factors that shape understanding.
http://www.uri.edu/personal/carson/kulveted/wlsmodel.html
complexity situation did not considered.
The four primary models of communication are the Shannon-Weaver Model, Berlo's SMCR Model, Schramm's Model, and Barnlund's Transactional Model. The Shannon-Weaver Model emphasizes the sender, message, channel, receiver, and noise as key elements. Berlo's SMCR Model focuses on Source, Message, Channel, and Receiver, highlighting the importance of each component in effective communication. Schramm's Model introduces the concept of shared experience, while Barnlund's Transactional Model illustrates communication as a dynamic, continuous process where all participants are simultaneously senders and receivers.
The transactional model of communication incorporates feedback and interaction between sender and receiver, unlike the Shannon and Weaver and Schramm models, which focus more on one-way transmission. In the transactional model, communication is seen as a dynamic and continuous process where both parties play active roles in encoding and decoding messages. The transactional model emphasizes the importance of context, culture, and shared meaning in communication.
Wilbur Schramm based his work on Shannon and Weaver, but he developed the idea of encoding more from a humanistic or experiential point of view compared to Shannon's technical and mathematical approach. See link for more.
The Osgood Model of communication is quietly different from the conventional models of communications in the earlier days. In this exclusive model, Osgood considered a circular form of the communication process. Here both sender and receiver are assumed to have equal contributory role as well as importance in the process of communication. As per above model Osgood wanted to point out that, the sender sends message to get response from the receiver as well as the receiver accepts the message from the sender to respond as well. The sender encodes any message to deliver to the receiver where, the receiver decodes the message in meaningful manner and finally, after encoding a message, delivers to the sender as an answers or response. Now the sender accepts the message after decoding it in same manner. So, it is clear from the model, that the sender performs both encoding and decoding as well as the receiver does the same to complete the process of communication as well. Encoding and decoding both are the important part of the communication as performed by the sender as well as the receiver, in making the transmitted messages understandable to fulfill their purposes.
Shannon and Weaver Jakobson's model Nick Boer's model Lasswell-control analysis Schramm Berlo's model Aristotle Barnlund PMI basic communication model Transmission model Constructionist model Interactive model Transactional model Constitutive Metamodel Intermediary model Riley's model Westley and Maclean's Conceptual Model Newcomb's model of communication George Gerbner's model
Schramm's model of communication is a circular model that includes encoder, signal, decoder, feedback, and gatekeeper. The encoder encodes the message, which is then transmitted through the signal to the decoder for interpretation. Feedback is provided by the receiver to the sender, completing the communication loop. The gatekeeper controls the flow of information.