http://www.uri.edu/personal/carson/kulveted/wlsmodel.html
The tenets of the communication models is to ensure that information has been passed to the right recipient with no distortion. Examples of the communication models includes the sender-receiver model, the linear model, and the interactional model just but to mention a few.
FOUNDATION OD AGRAGET DEMAND?
The interaction communication model is a model representing how communication works when one person speaks and then the other person speaks. There is no feedback in between speaking. For example, a presidential debate. The question is asked of the president elects and that president elect answers. The person asking the question does not provide any sort of feedback for what the president elect has said.
A transactional model involves several key elements, including the sender, receiver, message, channel, feedback, and context. In this model, communication is seen as a dynamic and continuous process where both parties simultaneously send and receive messages, allowing for real-time interaction. Feedback is crucial as it informs the sender about how the message was received, while context encompasses the environment and circumstances influencing the communication. This model emphasizes the interdependence of participants in the communication process.
It helps to explain the costs of capital by creating a model which intuitively understands the cost of capital as a function of a small number of well-understood economic variables, such as interest rate, demand, future discount, and capital stock.
Schramm's model
Wilbur Schramm based his work on Shannon and Weaver, but he developed the idea of encoding more from a humanistic or experiential point of view compared to Shannon's technical and mathematical approach. See link for more.
"Osgood" was Charles E. Osgood (1916 - 1991). He was a psychologist who also did research into semantics (the study of how meaning is created, and how words change meaning over time). He and Wilbur Schramm became very well-known for their essays about communication in the 1950s: mass communication was a relatively new field of study back then, and both men did research about it, as well as researching interpersonal communication.
The Schramm model of communication emphasizes the role of shared experiences and fields of experience between the sender and receiver, highlighting how meaning is constructed in the context of their backgrounds. In contrast, the Shannon model, often referred to as the Shannon-Weaver model, focuses on the technical aspects of communication, such as the transmission of messages through a channel and the impact of noise on the clarity of the message. While the Shannon model is more concerned with the efficiency and accuracy of communication, the Schramm model delves into the personal and contextual factors that shape understanding.
Osgood and Schramm's Circular Model of Communication (1954) was an attempt to rectify the earlier linear models of communication. It can happen within our self (Intra personal communication) or two people (Inter personal communication) each person acts as both sender and receiver and hence use interpretation.
Schramm's model of communication is a circular model that includes encoder, signal, decoder, feedback, and gatekeeper. The encoder encodes the message, which is then transmitted through the signal to the decoder for interpretation. Feedback is provided by the receiver to the sender, completing the communication loop. The gatekeeper controls the flow of information.
complexity situation did not considered.
The four primary models of communication are the Shannon-Weaver Model, Berlo's SMCR Model, Schramm's Model, and Barnlund's Transactional Model. The Shannon-Weaver Model emphasizes the sender, message, channel, receiver, and noise as key elements. Berlo's SMCR Model focuses on Source, Message, Channel, and Receiver, highlighting the importance of each component in effective communication. Schramm's Model introduces the concept of shared experience, while Barnlund's Transactional Model illustrates communication as a dynamic, continuous process where all participants are simultaneously senders and receivers.
The transactional model of communication incorporates feedback and interaction between sender and receiver, unlike the Shannon and Weaver and Schramm models, which focus more on one-way transmission. In the transactional model, communication is seen as a dynamic and continuous process where both parties play active roles in encoding and decoding messages. The transactional model emphasizes the importance of context, culture, and shared meaning in communication.
Shannon and Weaver Jakobson's model Nick Boer's model Lasswell-control analysis Schramm Berlo's model Aristotle Barnlund PMI basic communication model Transmission model Constructionist model Interactive model Transactional model Constitutive Metamodel Intermediary model Riley's model Westley and Maclean's Conceptual Model Newcomb's model of communication George Gerbner's model
Using OSI reference model explain the data communication between two hosts?
I don't. I'm not very good at communicating.