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Gram stain is used to determine whether the cell is gram positive or negative. Gram positive is when the cell has very thick layers of peptidoglycan, and gram negative when the layers are thin. In the staining process, those that decolorize easily are gram negative, and the one that retain the primary stain are gram positive. The acid fast staining is a techique that stains only the gram positive and only the genuses of mycobacterium, nocardia, and actinomycetes.

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The Gram stain procedure involves the addition of two dyes to a bacterial culture.

One of them, the Gram stain itself (also called "crystal violet"), sticks to the coating of some kinds of bacteria, but not to others. The ones it sticks to are called "Gram-positive"; the ones it doesn't, "Gram-negative".

A counterstain (usually a light pink color) is applied afterward. This sticks to everything, but doesn't show up if the more intense Gram stain is also present, so Gram-positive bacteria appear violet, while the Gram-negatives ones appear pinkish.

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Q: What is a Gram positve and negative stain?
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