breaking the law would constitute a criminal case.
Punishment
a court for someone who has lost a case in a lower court
The issue
A Trial
If the US Supreme Court is the first to hear a case, the Court has original jurisdiction.
A court case brought from a lower court to a higher court is called an appeal. In an appeal, the higher court reviews the decision made by the lower court to determine if any errors were made in applying the law.
It is called a remand.
The effect is the same with regard to the defendant, but these events take place at different parts of the process. If the state decides not to prosecute (called a nolle prosequi), the case never reaches the court. A case is dismissed by the court after someone has been charged and the court either finds there is insufficient evidence to prove the charge, or on a motion from one of the parties to the case.
a lawsuit
The suspect
Claims
Remand