The deontological theories of ethics judges the morality of choices, not by what good could or might result from an action (even if the intent is "good"), but from a predetermined decision of what is/is not morally right to do.
For example: An elderly man has prostate cancer. He is is horrid pain. Medications intended to treat his cancer have caused terrible side effects. Though he had been very active and mentally quick before, he is now very thin and barely able to hold a short conversation. He's often confused, often hallucinating, often screaming in pain. Three nurses are all concerned about this man and overwhelmed with his suffering. During a Staff Meeting, Nurse 1 suggests increasing his pain medication, but Nurse 2 points out that the man has respiratory depression--he could die with more pain meds. Nurse 3 states that when an elderly person has cancer, especially with the costs of hospital care, families should be able to decide to end all care. The Nurses discuss the ethics and morality of euthanasia. Nurse 1 says ALL humans deserve the most care, regardless of their age, condition, or costs. Nurse 3 thinks patients should have the "Right to Die" with dignity and families can decide this---her "intent" is good, but she wonders who has the right to assist someone to die. Even Nurse 1 has, in some ways, a "good intent"--to end suffering and reduce the financial burden on patients and society. BUT, Nurse 2 maintains that any action that hastens any person's death is morally, ethically, and legally wrong. Nurse 2's argument is an example of deontological theories and beliefs. (This is the medical and nursing legal and moral standard applied in most States in the USA.)
In philosophy, deontological ethical theory explains the relationship between duty and the morality of human actions. Deontology is a Greek word that focuses on logic and ethics.
dEONTOLOGICAL
Deontological and teleological ethical systems both aim to provide guidance on moral behavior. However, they differ in their focus: deontological ethics emphasizes duty and following rules and principles regardless of the outcome, while teleological ethics focuses on the consequences or outcomes of actions to determine their morality.
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Natural Law is a deontological ethical theory, as it focuses on the moral duty to follow principles that are inherently good and universal, rather than on the consequences of actions (teleological approach).
a person utilizing the deontological ethical theory to make decisions makes the correct moral choice based on?
--> --> Normative ethical systems can generally be broken down into three categories: deontological, teleological and virtue ethics. The first two are considered deontic or action-based theories of morality because they focus entirely upon the actions which a person performs. When actions are judged morally right based upon their consequences, we have teleological or consequentialist ethical theory. When actions are judged morally right based upon how well they conform to some set of duties, we have a deontological ethical theory.
Teleological ethical theories are consequentialist in nature because they assert that the morally correct action is one that produces the greatest balance of good over bad consequences compared with alternative actions. Deontological ethical theories are nonconsequentialist and regard the rightness or wrongness of an action as intrinsic to the action itself. There, the consequences are morally irrelevant. Utilitarianism is the best-known teleological theory. Deontological theories include Kant's categorical imperative, human rights theories, and divine command theories.
1. Deontological framework of ethics 2. Social justice through fairness framework of ethics 3. virtue ethics framework of ethics 4. utilitarian framework of ethics
Emmanuel Kant ''Act as if the maxim of thy action were to become by thy will a universal law of nature.''
Utilitarianism: morality is the result of an act. Focus on the consequences. A moral act is what will bring the greatest amount of happiness for the greatest number of people. Virtue Ethics: Morality stems from the identity or character of the person, rather than being a reflection of the actions. THere are certain characteristics which are virtues. People possessing these virtues is what makes one moral, one's actions are a reflection of their inner morality.
Principal ethics focuses on determining right and wrong based on a set of universal moral principles, while virtue ethics emphasizes the cultivation of moral character and virtues. Principal ethics is rule-based and deontological, while virtue ethics is focused on developing virtuous habits and traits to guide moral decision-making.