The heat from deep in the earth's mantle.
The Hydrothermal Vent Crab lives in the Sunlight Zone.
hydrothermal energy
In hydrothermal vent regions, the primary source of productivity is chemosynthesis, a process carried out by certain bacteria and archaea. These microorganisms utilize chemical energy derived from the oxidation of inorganic compounds, such as hydrogen sulfide, emitted from the vents, to produce organic matter. This chemosynthetic activity forms the base of the vent ecosystem, supporting diverse organisms, including tube worms, clams, and various other species that rely on these primary producers for energy and nutrients.
The primary source of energy for hydrothermal vents is chemosynthesis, where bacteria use chemicals such as hydrogen sulfide to produce energy instead of sunlight. These bacteria form the base of the food chain at hydrothermal vents, supporting unique ecosystems.
Hydrothermal vents are commonly found near volcanically active places, areas where tectonic plates are moving apart, ocean basins, and hotspots. Vent organisms depend on chemosynthetic bacteria for food. The water from the hydrothermal vent is rich in dissolved minerals and supports a large population of chemoautotrophic bacteria.
There are none. No sunlight penetrates that deep, so there is no sunlight for photosynthesis. Instead, bacteria use chemosynthesis. They take the chemicals in the water shooting out of the vents, and make it into food.
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They are an undersea thermal vent or hydrothermal vent.
Chemosynthetic bacteria and archaea form the base of the food chain.Round a hydro thermal vent, the source of energy is chemical (from Hydrogen Sulfide) rather than light. Specialised singe celled organisms from the bacteria and archaea (called chemotrophs) use the chemical energy to grow and then various more normal animals eat the bacteria.
Some prokaryotes, such as thermophiles and chemolithotrophs, obtain energy from hydrothermal vents. Thermophiles can survive and thrive in the extreme temperatures of hydrothermal vents, while chemolithotrophs use inorganic compounds like hydrogen sulfide as a source of energy.
Yellowstone National Park