bevy
In the English speaking world, trumpets have been called trumpets since earliest times. The word derives friom the Latin "tromba."
In a traditional orchestra or jazz group it would be the trumpet, most commonly tuned in B flat. however there are smaller forms of the trumpet called pocket trumpets or piccolo trumpets that have very high ranges.
brass
There does not seem to be a brand of trumpets called Cortley. There is a famous trumpet player with the last name of Courtley, but he does not make trumpets at this time (2014).
Trumpets date back to 1500 BC and before. In Scandinavia, the earliest trumpets were called "lurs." However, since the trumpet was the first of the metal instruments -- originally bronze and silver, now primarily brass -- its predecessor likely was just called a "horn." The first trumpets were developed as signaling instruments for the military and religious ceremonies.
Yes perhaps. There are special trumpets called herald trumpets which are the long ones that are used to play fanfares at special occasions. They are essentially an unwound trumpet...
Pocket trumpets, like normal trumpets, are most often keyed in Bb, but this doesn't mean that all pocket trumpets are in Bb.
Normally they're called valves. There are some trumpets out there with rotary valves, which are often just called keys.
Johnny Cash's band was the "Tennessee Three." During the performance of "Ring of Fire" his band was augmented by another group called the "Tennessee Trumpets." The trumpet players were Jack Hale Jr, and Bob Lewin.
The different kinds of trumpets available in the market include Bb trumpets, C trumpets, piccolo trumpets, and flugelhorns. Each type has its own unique sound and is suited for different styles of music.
the trumpets full name is triumpett
Most Bb trumpets are around 134cm