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What is a molecule that acts as signal when it binds to a receptor?
Intracellular receptor
What type of receptors is within a cell?
Intracellular receptors. They are receptor proteins found on the inside of the cell, typically in the cytoplasm or nucleus
What receptor has a ligand that can cross the cell membrane that binds?
Intracellular
Which factor would most likely interfere with the binding of a ligand to an intracellular receptor?
peni
Which type of hormone receptor-plasma membrane bound or intracellular- would be expected to provide the most long lived response to hormone binding and why?
Intracellular receptor responses would be longer since they create a hormone-receptor complex which stimulates the production of mRNA, which then creates proteins. This complex must be degraded over time. Also, the entire process takes longer. Intracellular receptor responses would be longer since they create a hormone-receptor complex which stimulates the production of mRNA, which then creates proteins. This complex must be degraded over time. Also, the entire process takes longer.
What is an example of a signal molecule that can bind to an intracellular receptor and thereby cause a gene to be turned on or off?
steroid
What keeps intracellular receptors from binding to DNA before a hormone binds to the receptor?
chaperone proteins (chaperonins)
Which of these extracellular signal molecules could diffuse through a plasma membrane and bind to an intracellular receptor?
estrogen
In what two ways do receptor proteins affect cellular activity?
Receptor proteins are intracellular proteins. Two ways in which they affect cellular activity are through inducement of transitions to cells and to speed up chemical reactions in cells.
Relationship between receptor protein and signal molecule?
Depending on what harmone it is, the hormone will attach to the receptor protein if the shape of the hormone and the receptor protein correspond.
Which class of molecules functions are chemical signals?
peptides(poly),gases,neurotransmitters,neuropeptides,steroid hormones ...etc.
How do substances work by altering the ways cells function?
Like the receptors for other protein hormones, the receptor for insulin is embedded in the plasma membrane. The insulin receptor is composed of two alpha subunits and two beta subunits linked by disulfide bonds. The alpha chains are entirely extracellular and house insulin binding domains, while the linked beta chains penetrate through the plasma membrane. The insulin receptor is a tyrosine kinase. In other words, it functions as an enzyme that transfers phosphate groups from ATP to tyrosine residues on intracellular target proteins. Binding of insulin to the alpha subunits causes the beta subunits to phosphorylate themselves (autophosphorylation), thus activating the catalytic activity of the receptor. The activated receptor then phosphorylates a number of intracellular proteins, which in turn alters their activity, thereby generating a biological response. Several intracellular proteins have been identified as phosphorylation substrates for the insulin receptor, the best-studied of which is insulin receptor substrate 1 or IRS-1. When IRS-1 is activated by phosphorylation, a lot of things happen. Among other things, IRS-1 serves as a type of docking center for recruitment and activation of other enzymes that ultimately mediate insulin's effects. from yo mama
