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Which of the choices below is not a factor required for target cell activation by hormone receptor interaction?
Protein synthesis is not a factor required for target cell activation by hormone receptor interaction. The essential factors include binding of the hormone to its receptor, conformational changes in the receptor, and activation of intracellular signaling pathways.
Growth factor hormones such as insulin bind to which type of receptor?
tyrosine kinase receptor!!
What are important tissue receptor tumor markers?
Important tissue receptor tumor markers include estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) in breast cancer; epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) in lung cancer; and the androgen receptor (AR) in prostate cancer. These markers help guide treatment decisions and predict response to targeted therapies.
How can one identify transcription factor binding sites in promoters?
One can identify transcription factor binding sites in promoters by using bioinformatics tools to analyze the DNA sequence of the promoter region. These tools can predict potential binding sites based on known binding motifs of transcription factors. Experimental methods such as chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) can also be used to confirm the binding of transcription factors to specific sites in the promoter.
How can a target cell's response to a hormone be amplified more than a millionfold?
Basically a hormone binds to an membrane receptor or a target inside of the cell, changing the conformation of the receptor. In the receptor's new conformation, it typically has a new enzymatic activity or a subunit with enzymatic activity is released or other reactions may occur. The point is, the binding of hormone to receptor acts to turn on a molecular "switch" enabling a biochemical pathway to proceed. A downstream enzyme is activated and can then activate further downstream enzymes. Each enzyme is capable of activating several downstream enzymes and in this way, a single hormone messenger can cause the activation of several times more downstream elements. Typically, a transcription factor will eventually be activated and a gene will be turned on, creating mRNA. This mRNA will be translated into protein, which further alters the cellular behavior.
Which of the choices below is not a factor required for target cell activation by hormone receptor interaction?
Protein synthesis is not a factor required for target cell activation by hormone receptor interaction. The essential factors include binding of the hormone to its receptor, conformational changes in the receptor, and activation of intracellular signaling pathways.
Which of the following most likely would be an immediate result of growth factor binding to its receptor?
An immediate result of growth factor binding to its receptor would likely be the activation of intracellular signaling pathways. This could lead to various cellular responses such as changes in gene expression, cell proliferation, differentiation, or survival.
The receptor for a group of signaling molecules known as growth factors are often?
receptor tyrosine kinases
What mechanisms might be employed by a cell to reduce its responsiveness to a growth factor?
A cell can reduce its responsiveness to a growth factor through several mechanisms, including receptor downregulation, where the number of receptors on the cell surface decreases in response to prolonged exposure to the growth factor. Additionally, the cell may alter intracellular signaling pathways, leading to desensitization, or activate negative feedback mechanisms that inhibit signaling downstream from the receptor. Another mechanism is the production of soluble receptor variants that can sequester the growth factor, preventing it from binding to cell surface receptors.
Growth factor hormones such as insulin bind to which type of receptor?
tyrosine kinase receptor!!
The most important factor determining which type of receptor a signal molecule will bind to is?
The most important factor determining which type of receptor a signal molecule will bind to is the specificity between the shape of the signal molecule and the complementary binding site on the receptor. Additionally, the affinity of the signal molecule for the receptor and the presence of any co-factors or co-receptors can also play a role in determining the binding specificity.
What are important tissue receptor tumor markers?
Important tissue receptor tumor markers include estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) in breast cancer; epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) in lung cancer; and the androgen receptor (AR) in prostate cancer. These markers help guide treatment decisions and predict response to targeted therapies.
Aldosterone is a steroid hormone and as a result it will bind to a receptor that?
Aldosterone binds to mineralocorticoid receptors, which are located in the cytoplasm of target cells. Upon binding, the aldosterone-receptor complex translocates to the nucleus where it acts as a transcription factor to regulate the expression of specific genes involved in electrolyte balance and blood pressure regulation.
Factor that can validate and invalidate a binding contract?
Factors that can validate a binding contract are signatures from all parties and a fulfillment of obligations. A factor that can invalidate a binding contract is undue stress caused as a result of the contract.
What element detects change in a control system?
Receptor/Sensor-Recognition of the factor.
How does cell amplification occur?
Cell amplification occurs through a process called signal transduction, where a single extracellular signal, such as a hormone or growth factor, binds to a receptor on the cell surface. This binding activates a cascade of intracellular signaling pathways, often involving secondary messengers that amplify the initial signal. As a result, a small number of signaling molecules can lead to a large cellular response, such as increased gene expression or cell division. This mechanism is crucial for processes like development, immune responses, and tissue repair.
What does the military title Ogfr stand for?
OGFR stands for "Opioid Growth Factor Receptor"
