peni
Protein synthesis is not a factor required for target cell activation by hormone receptor interaction. The essential factors include binding of the hormone to its receptor, conformational changes in the receptor, and activation of intracellular signaling pathways.
tyrosine kinase receptor!!
Important tissue receptor tumor markers include estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) in breast cancer; epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) in lung cancer; and the androgen receptor (AR) in prostate cancer. These markers help guide treatment decisions and predict response to targeted therapies.
One can identify transcription factor binding sites in promoters by using bioinformatics tools to analyze the DNA sequence of the promoter region. These tools can predict potential binding sites based on known binding motifs of transcription factors. Experimental methods such as chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) can also be used to confirm the binding of transcription factors to specific sites in the promoter.
Basically a hormone binds to an membrane receptor or a target inside of the cell, changing the conformation of the receptor. In the receptor's new conformation, it typically has a new enzymatic activity or a subunit with enzymatic activity is released or other reactions may occur. The point is, the binding of hormone to receptor acts to turn on a molecular "switch" enabling a biochemical pathway to proceed. A downstream enzyme is activated and can then activate further downstream enzymes. Each enzyme is capable of activating several downstream enzymes and in this way, a single hormone messenger can cause the activation of several times more downstream elements. Typically, a transcription factor will eventually be activated and a gene will be turned on, creating mRNA. This mRNA will be translated into protein, which further alters the cellular behavior.
Protein synthesis is not a factor required for target cell activation by hormone receptor interaction. The essential factors include binding of the hormone to its receptor, conformational changes in the receptor, and activation of intracellular signaling pathways.
An immediate result of growth factor binding to its receptor would likely be the activation of intracellular signaling pathways. This could lead to various cellular responses such as changes in gene expression, cell proliferation, differentiation, or survival.
receptor tyrosine kinases
tyrosine kinase receptor!!
The most important factor determining which type of receptor a signal molecule will bind to is the specificity between the shape of the signal molecule and the complementary binding site on the receptor. Additionally, the affinity of the signal molecule for the receptor and the presence of any co-factors or co-receptors can also play a role in determining the binding specificity.
Important tissue receptor tumor markers include estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) in breast cancer; epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) in lung cancer; and the androgen receptor (AR) in prostate cancer. These markers help guide treatment decisions and predict response to targeted therapies.
Aldosterone binds to mineralocorticoid receptors, which are located in the cytoplasm of target cells. Upon binding, the aldosterone-receptor complex translocates to the nucleus where it acts as a transcription factor to regulate the expression of specific genes involved in electrolyte balance and blood pressure regulation.
Factors that can validate a binding contract are signatures from all parties and a fulfillment of obligations. A factor that can invalidate a binding contract is undue stress caused as a result of the contract.
Receptor/Sensor-Recognition of the factor.
OGFR stands for "Opioid Growth Factor Receptor"
framing
If you're using MasteringBiology on this then look at the third hint and you'll be able to figure it out. Seriously, look at the third hint if you can to better understand it. It includes pictures. If you can't or are just too lazy to, here's what I got: 1) Cortisol passes through the plasma membrane into the cytoplasm. 2) Cortisol-receptor complex forms in the cytoplasm. 3) Cortisol-receptor complex enters the nucleus where it binds to genes. 4) Cortisol-receptor complex acts as a transcription factor. 5) The transcribed mRNA is translated into a specific protein.