It has been proposed that in patients with anxiety or mood disorders there are alterations in the functions of central neurotransmitters, including GABA, serotonin and noradrenaline.
Research in this area suggests that the primary dysfunction in anxiety disorders is a down-regulation of the brain inhibitory GABA and serotonin systems and an up-regulation of the brain pro-anxiety noradrenaline system, or some degree of involvement from each
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. It works to reduce the activity of neurons, thus promoting relaxation and reducing anxiety. Dysregulation of GABA signaling has been linked to various neurological conditions, such as epilepsy and anxiety disorders.
Dopamine is a feel good neurotransmitter.
Schizophrenia is often associated with a high level of the neurotransmitter dopamine.
Presynaptic inhibition is a process in which the release of neurotransmitters from a neuron is reduced by another neuron. This regulation occurs when the inhibitory neuron releases a neurotransmitter that decreases the excitability of the presynaptic neuron, leading to a decrease in neurotransmitter release. This mechanism helps to fine-tune communication between neurons and maintain balance in the nervous system.
An overabundance of the neurotransmitter norepinephrine is most likely to be associated with manic episode.
Epilepsy is primarily associated with imbalances in neurotransmitters, particularly gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate. GABA is an inhibitory neurotransmitter that helps prevent excessive neuronal firing, while glutamate is an excitatory neurotransmitter that can promote seizures when its activity is overly heightened. In epilepsy, dysfunction in GABAergic inhibition or excessive glutamatergic excitation can lead to the hyperexcitability of neurons, resulting in seizures.
The neurotransmitter that prepares the body for the fight or flight response is norepinephrine. It is associated with the autonomic nervous system's activation during stressful situations. Increased levels of norepinephrine are often observed in patients with anxiety-related disorders, contributing to heightened arousal and anxiety symptoms. This response can lead to feelings of panic or heightened stress in such individuals.
Presynaptic inhibition is the opposite of presynaptic facilitation. In presynaptic inhibition, the release of neurotransmitters from the presynaptic neuron is reduced, leading to a decrease in synaptic transmission. In contrast, presynaptic facilitation enhances neurotransmitter release, increasing the strength of synaptic transmission.
Endorphins : "Humor involves the brain's reward system, which mainly uses dopamine as its neurotransmitter."
depression!
The binding of a neurotransmitter to a dendrite will cause one these three things to happen:excitement (stimulation)inhibition (stop activity)modulation (change activity by slowing it or increasing it)It all depends on the neurotransmitter. Neurotransmitter are means by which neurons communicate with one another. There are more than 30 compounds known to be neurotransmitters, and dozens of others are thought to be so.
Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, or 5-HT) is the neurotransmitter associated with reducing anxiety, reducing aggression, reducing appetite, increasing somnolence (sedation and quality of sleep), and reducing depression. A deficiency of this neurotransmitter, or receptor mutations leading to decreased binding affinity of one's own neurotransmitter levels can lead to any of inverse symptoms listed above (depression, anxiety, aggression, increased hunger or overeating, sleep disorders, etc.).