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What is a theocracy ruled by?

Updated: 9/14/2023
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A theocracy is a state or nation ruled by religious leaders wielding political, civil and military power not by civil leaders. Literally it means "ruled by god" from the Greek theos 'god' and kratos 'a regime' or 'strength'. Iran's supreme leader is an Ayatollah, a Muslim cleric. As he wields power not and is not just a figurehead, Iran is a theocracy. The Vatican, while not recognised as a full state, is also a theocracy. Afghanistan under the Taliban was a theocracy.

Many use the term to describe countries that are heavily influenced by religion; Saudi Arabia, Yemen and even the US under Bush (this is not a political statement, just what some said). Others have described Ireland and Italy (amongst others) in the same way as the majority of people felt a huge affiliation to the Vatican.

Finally, Britain's monarch is the head of the state church and the titular leader but as the monarch has little real power Britain cannot be called a theocracy in any meaningful sense.

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