A Waveguide when referring to electromagnetism can point to any linear structure that transports electromagnetic waves in between the endpoints of the structure.
Rectangular Waveguide - TE10; (TM11 in case of TM waves) Circular Waveguide - TE11;
Moisture in the air in a waveguide can scatter the microwave energy the waveguide is designed to transport. This translates into signal loss or attenuation. The VSWR drops, and that is not a good thing.
The ratio of the area of a circular waveguide to that of a rectangular waveguide with the same dominant mode cutoff frequency can be derived from the relationship between their dimensions and the cutoff frequency. For the dominant mode (TE11 for circular and TE10 for rectangular), the cutoff frequency depends on the waveguide's geometry. Generally, the area of the circular waveguide is greater than that of the rectangular waveguide when both are designed to support the same cutoff frequency. Specifically, the area ratio can be expressed as ( A_{\text{circle}} / A_{\text{rectangle}} = \frac{\pi a^2}{ab} ) where ( a ) is the radius of the circular waveguide and ( b ) is the width of the rectangular waveguide, leading to a ratio dependent on their respective dimensions.
waveguide is a metal pipe that contains and guides microwaves from place to place in a microwave system (e.g. oscillators, amplifiers, mixers, modulators, filters, antennas)horn antenna has a waveguide connected at its focus, in transmit mode the waveguide feeds the horn which then emits a microwave beam, in receive mode the horn collects a microwave beam and concentrates it int the waveguide
The waves that cannot be transmitted in a waveguide are those that have a wavelength longer than the cutoff wavelength of the waveguide. These waves are unable to propagate efficiently within the waveguide due to the cutoff phenomenon which restricts their transmission.
If the signal frequency exceeds the cut-off frequency in a waveguide, the wave will not propagate through the waveguide and will be attenuated. This is because the waveguide is designed to support only certain modes of propagation, and frequencies above the cut-off do not satisfy the waveguide's mode conditions. Instead, the signal will either reflect back or be absorbed, leading to a loss of signal strength.
Group velocity in a waveguide is speed at which EM energy travels in the guide.It will always be less then speed light.
Horn antenna are typically fed by a section of a waveguide, the waveguide itself is often fed with a short dipole.
horn
When a wave enters a waveguide from air, the phase velocity will decrease. This is because waveguides typically have a higher refractive index than air, causing the wave to slow down as it enters the waveguide.
what has our understanding of electromagnetism led to?
Paul Lorrain has written: 'Solutions manual for electromagnetism' 'Electromagnetism' -- subject(s): Electromagnetism 'Fundamentals of electromagnetic phenomena' -- subject(s): Electromagnetism