One example of a gene becoming more common in a population is antibiotic resistance in bacteria. When the antibiotics kill the bacteria some have a mutation that makes them resistant. These bacteria then reproduce and over time the species genetic code changes so that they are antibiotic resistant. This is the reason new vaccines are constantly released. The same basic principle works in pesticide resistance of rats.
If organisms have similar genes, then they are closely related.
Not necessarily. I think the dominant genes are more common, but there are lot of exceptions out there. For example, having six fingers in humans is a dominant gene, but it isn't all that common.
They exist because all these genes have descended from the genes of common ancestors.
Natural selection is not a thing that acts on populations, it is a tendency for harmful genes to not be passed on (die out) and useful variations to thrive and become common.
One example of a characteristic that is determined by genes is hair color.
Gene flow is genes moving between two populations. the transfer of genes from one gene pool to another two populations transferring genes
Individuals leaving the population removes genes
all alleles for all genes in a population.
Darwin's theory outlined natural selection, as one theory within the whole of evolution: those organisms that are better able to survive long enough to reproduce more often, will pass on the genes that result in their offspring surviving longer and reproducing more as well, resulting in that set of genes becoming more common in the population as time passes.
They exist because all these genes have descended from the genes of common ancestors.
direct evidence is the observation of evolution as it occurs. We have discovered novel genes conferring an advantage in an environment in which the ancestral population lacked those genes entirely. One example is flavobacterium that evolved nylonase enzymes. Antibiotic resistance is another example.
Yes. For example if cancer if very common in your family, you likely have genes that are more susceptible to it. That's why people say "its hereditary." It means its caused by your genes. If this is hereditary for you, you are more likely to die from cancer.
If organisms have similar genes, then they are closely related.
Not necessarily. I think the dominant genes are more common, but there are lot of exceptions out there. For example, having six fingers in humans is a dominant gene, but it isn't all that common.
Gene pool. All the alleles of all the genes of a population make up a gene pool.
They exist because all these genes have descended from the genes of common ancestors.
In the zebra population there are variation in the stripes. Genes are responsible for variation in their stripes and there are no two zebras that are alike.