In the US law, they're referred to as limitations, defenses, and exceptions.
Infringement is the use, without permission, of copyrighted material that does not fall under a "fair use" or other exception to copyright law,
Technology would typically be protected by patent law, with the exception of software, which can fall under both copyright and patent.
When you use materials that are not entirely your own, for which you don't have an exception in the law, or for which you don't have permission.
In the US, "copyright law" refers to Title 17 of the United States Code, simply called "Copyrights." In the UK, it means the Copyright, Design, and Patents Act of 1988, called the Copyright Act for short.
If your use is not covered by a limitation, defense, or exception in the law, ask the copyright holder for permission.
People who have broken copyright law are called infringers.
No. There is a provision in the "fair use" exception regarding educational use of a portion of copyrighted materials but it does not remove the responsibility for educational institutions to adhere to copyright law.
No. There is a provision in the "fair use" exception regarding educational use of a portion of copyrighted materials but it does not remove the responsibility for educational institutions to adhere to copyright law.
Infringement is the use, without permission, of copyrighted works when that use does not qualify for an exception to current law (i.e "fair use")
It is called an exemption.
Copyright law is a federal law, granted in the Constitution.
Copyright law.