Its other name is the Shemoneh-esrei prayer.
Which one? There are lots of them. The Amidah (the standing prayer) is the central prayer of every Jewish service. It is clearly ancient. The various Kaddishes that punctuate organized Jewish worship, serving as doxologies, are ancient. The Shema (Hear oh Israel ...) is even more ancient, as is the Baruch Shem Kavod (Praise the Holy Name) response to the Shema. Another candidate is the Priestly Benediction (May the Lord bless you and keep you ...).
The Amidah has 19 prayers today but back in the day, it had 18 prayers and the name just stuck with it and didn't change even though a 19th prayer was added.
Meditation
No, another name for the Lord's Prayer is the Our Father.
Another name for prayer cushions is "meditation cushions" or "zafu".
Jewish men wear a tallit (or tallis) during prayer services.
It's called a mezuzah.
A prayer shawl called a Tallith.
A zizith is another name for a tzitzit, the knotted fringes of the tallit - a traditional Jewish prayer shawl.
mezuza
prayers of the faithful
The Our Father