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Antegrade means "moving or directed forwards", as distinct from "retrograde".
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∙ 9y ago
Antegrade refers to something moving forward or in the usual direction. In medical terms, it can describe the normal flow or direction of bodily processes, such as blood flow through the arteries. For example, an "antegrade approach" may refer to a procedure that follows the usual or forward direction of a blood vessel.
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What type of complex does antegrade flow produce?
Antegrade in medical terms means 'main entry' or 'extending forward. The reduction in antegrade flow caused by proximal subclavian arterial obstruction can produce complications.
In finding nemo what is dorys problem with memory loss called?
I don't think they ever say. However, in humans, something like this could be attributed to antegrade amnesia. You can find out more about antegrade amnesia here: http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=10940
What does the vertebral arteries are patent codominant and demonstrates antegrade flow without evidence of stenosis mean?
This statement likely indicates that the vertebral arteries are open, with good blood flow traveling in the typical direction without any narrowing or blockages present. The term "codominant" suggests that both sides of the vertebral arteries are contributing equally to blood supply in the brain.
Damage to the can result in anterograde amnesia?
Yes. Antegrade amnesia is the loss of memory relates to events that occur after a traumatic event. There is inability to recall new information. Old information can be recalled. Antegrade amnesia may follow brain trauma. This type of amnesia is in contrast to retrograde amnesia in which the lack of memory relates to events that occurred before a traumatic event.In the very center of your brain is a little piece that is called the hippocampus.This is the area that deals with converting short-term memories to long-term memories. Your brain issort of a mirror image of itself, meaning you have part of your hippocampus on one side and part on the other side. Damage to only one side would mean your amnesia is not as bad. Anterograde amnesia most often occurs when there is damage to the hippocampus. This usually happenswith a traumatic brain injury, in which the brain inside its skull casing is shaken up really hard.
What is Spondylosis?
Spondylosis is a type of arthritis of the spine. Spondylosis involves growth of osteophytes (bony protrusions) of the bones which form the openings through which nerves from the spine pass. These openings are called foramina (singular "foramen"). If the spondylosis is sufficiently severe, the osteophytes can make the foramina so small that the exiting nerve root is pinched. This can cause radicular pain. Radicular pain is pain radiating from the spine (usually into an extremity), caused by pressure on a nerve root. Not all spondylosis causes pinched nerves though.
What is an intravenous pyelogram?
Antegrade pyelography differentiates this procedure from "retrograde pyelography," which injects dye into the lower end of the system, therefore flowing backward or "retrograde." Retrograde pyelography is better able to.
What could cause a man to ejaculate with no apparent semen?
Retrograde ejaculation is the process whereby the semen is passed in a retrograde fashion into the bladder as opposed to out the urethra. There are 3 potential causes of this problem: anatomic (following bladder neck surgery or from a congenital process), neurologic (due to disorders that interfere with the ability of the bladder neck to close during emission, such as diabetes mellitus or retroperitoneal surgery) and pharmacologic (due to paralysis of the bladder neck by certain medications). This process is diagnosed by the finding of seminal fluid and/or sperm within a urine specimen obtained immediately after orgasm. The treatment of retrograde ejaculation depends to some extent on the cause. Anatomic causes are rarely curable, and sperm harvesting from the bladder is required for those patients wishing to initiate a pregnancy. Pharmacologic causes are generally reversible by withdrawal of the offending medication. Neurologic causes are difficult to treat if there is complete nerve damage such as may occur in spinal cord injured patients. In those patients with a partial neural injury (diabetes), the use of certain medications (pseudoepohedrine for example) may convert the patient to an antegrade ejaculator.
UPJ obstruction?
DefinitionUreteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction is a blockage in the area that connects the renal pelvis (part of the kidney) to one of the tubes (ureters) that move urine to the bladder.Alternative NamesUreteropelvic junction obstruction; UP junction obstruction; Obstruction of the ureteropelvic junctionCauses, incidence, and risk factorsUPJ obstruction generally occurs when a baby is still growing in the womb. This is called a congenital condition (present from birth). Most of the time, the blockage is caused when the connection between the ureter and the renal pelvis narrows. This causes urine to build up, damaging the kidney.The condition can also be caused when a blood vessel is located in the wrong position over the ureter. In older children and adults, UPJ obstruction can be due to scar tissue, infection, previous treatments for a blockage, or kidney stones.UPJ obstruction is the most frequently diagnosed cause of urinary obstruction in children. It is now commonly diagnosed during prenatal ultrasound studies. In some cases, the condition isn't seen until after birth. Children may have an abdominal mass or a urinary tract infectionThe most severe cases of UPJ obstruction may require surgery early in life. However, the majority of cases may not require surgery until later in life, and some cases do not require surgery at all.SymptomsThere may not be any symptoms. When symptoms occur, they may include:Back or flank painBloody urine (hematuria)Lump in the abdomen (abdominal mass)Kidney infectionPoor growth in infants (failure to thrive)Urinary tract infection, usually with feverVomitingSigns and testsAn ultrasound during pregnancy may show kidney problems in the unborn baby.Tests after birth may include:BUNCreatinine clearanceCT scanElectrolytesIVPNuclear scan of kidneysVoiding cystourethrogramTreatmentSurgery to correct the blockage allows urine to flow normally. Open (invasive) surgery is usually performed in infants. Adults may be treated with less-invasive procedures. These procedures involve much smaller surgical cuts than open surgery, and may include:Endoscopic (retrograde) technique does not require a surgical cut on the skin. Instead, a small instrument is placed into the urethra and allows the surgeon to open the blockage from the inside.Percutaneous (antegrade) technique involves a small surgical cut on the side of the body between the ribs and the hip.Pyeloplasty removes scar tissue from the blocked area and connects the healthy part of the kidney to the healthy ureter.Recently, laparoscopy has been used to treat UPJ obstruction in children and adults who have not had success with other procedures.A tube called a stent may be placed to drain urine from the kidney until the patient heals. A nephrostomy tube, which is placed in the patient's side to drain urine, may also be needed for a short time after the surgery. This type of tube may also used to treat severe infections before surgery.Expectations (prognosis)Early diagnosis and treatment of UPJ obstruction may help preserve future kidney function. UPJ obstruction diagnosed before birth or early after birth may actually improve on its own.Most patients do well with no long-term consequences. Significant kidney damage may occur in those who are diagnosed later in life. Current treatment options provide good long-term outcomes. Pyeloplasty provides the greatest long-term success.In severe cases, rapidly taking pressure off the kidney (kidney decompression) immediately following birth may greatly improve kidney function.ComplicationsPermanent loss of kidney function (kidney failure) is a possible complication of untreated UPJ obstruction. Even after treatment, the affected kidney may be at increased risk for infection or kidney stones.Calling your health care providerCall your health care provider if your infant has bloody urine, fever, a lump in the abdomen or if the baby seems to have back pain or pain in the flanks (the area towards the sides of the body between the ribs and the pelvis).ReferencesPais VM, Strandhoy JW, Assimos DG. Pathophysiology of urinary tract obstruction. In: Wein AJ, ed. Campbell-Walsh Urology. 9th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Sauders Elsevier; 2007: chap 37.Hsu THS, Streem SB, Nakada SY. Management of upper urinary tract obstruction. In: Wein AJ, ed. Campbell-Walsh Urology. 9th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Sauders Elsevier; 2007: chap 38.Elder JS. Obstruction of the urinary tract. In: Kliegman RM, Behrman RE, Jenson HB, Stanton BF, eds. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 18th Ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007: chap 540.Frokiaer J, Zeidel ML. Urinary tract obstruction. In: Brenner BM, ed. Brenner and Rector's The Kidney. 8th ed. Philadelphia, Pa ; Saunders Elsevier; 2007: chap 35.Reviewed ByReview Date: 03/17/2011Linda J. Vorvick, MD, Medical Director, MEDEX Northwest Division of Physician Assistant Studies, University of Washington, School of Medicine; Louis S. Liou, MD, PhD, Chief of Urology, Cambridge Health Alliance, Visiting Assistant Professor of Surgery, Harvard Medical School. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.
