0
Want this question answered?
Be notified when an answer is posted
Add your answer:
Earn +20 pts
Can carcinogens be 100 percent biotransformed?
Yes they can in low doses.....
What is the path a drug takes through the human?
It depends on the intrinsic properties of the drug and the route of administration. Oral drugs are often absorbed from the GI tract into the hepatic portal vein, undergo first pass, and then reach the systemic circulation. They can be biotransformed (metabolized) in the liver, kidneys or even lungs. Most drugs are excreted by the kidneys into the urine, but some are excreted into bile by the liver. Blood flow to particular organs, and the relative lipophilicity of the drug affect how it will behave in the body. It's metabolism is also key in figuring out how it will be excreted.
WHen drugs are biotransformed they become more?
Active or inactive. The drug is changed by interaction with the body's own chemicals,enzymes and/or metabolic pathways.The body for instance can bio-transform many substances into less toxic ones or some into more toxic ones. Let's take alcohol for instance...it is bio-transformed in the liver...in lower doses it will transform at a basic rate into a less toxic substance..if the enzymes in the liver are over whelmed by more alcohol than it can handle (it can't bio transform fast enough) then you get sick, or even go into a coma...
How are drugs carried around the body?
It depends on the intrinsic properties of the drug and the route of administration. Oral drugs are often absorbed from the GI tract into the hepatic portal vein, undergo first pass, and then reach the systemic circulation. They can be biotransformed (metabolized) in the liver, kidneys or even lungs. Most drugs are excreted by the kidneys into the urine, but some are excreted into bile by the liver. Blood flow to particular organs, and the relative lipophilicity of the drug affect how it will behave in the body. It's metabolism is also key in figuring out how it will be excreted.
What is the difference between amphetamines and methamphetamines?
Methamphetamine is "methylated," meaning that it is water soluble. This means it is more quickly absorbed by the human body and can be injected than non-methylated amphetamine. Otherwise, there is no difference. In fact, methamphetamine breaks down into amphetamine once it's ingested. The outer membrane of the neuron cell is water soluble, this methylated property along with it's molecular size allows the chemical to pass through this barrier and influence the chemical messenger's or neurotransmitter's, (serotonin, dopamine, etc) receptors agonisticly. I think methamphetamine breaks down to amphetamine once it is metabolized or biotransformed. This isn't correct. Methamphetamine is methylated, and there for it is now more fat soluble. Meaning that it crosses the blood brain barrier much easier, without having to circulate through the blood over and over again to be absorbed into the brain. When it comes to dissolving in water or ethanol. It has to do with the PH of a compound. Meaning which physical form it appears in, either a salt or freebase compound. Salts are typically water soluble making it possible to iv or snort. Freebases usually have lower vaporization points making them easier to smoke. Like crack compared to cocaine.
