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They may be composed of either bioplastics, which are plastics whose components are derived from renewable raw materials, or petroleum-based plastics. The use of bio-active compounds compounded with swelling agents ensures that, when combined with heat and moisture, they expand the plastic's molecular structure and allow the bio-active compounds to metabolise and neutralize the plastic. Biodegradation of plastics can be achieved by enabling microorganisms in the environment to metabolize the molecular structure of plastic films to produce an inert humus-like material that is less harmful to the environment.

Bioplastics (also called organic plastics) are a form of plastics derived from renewable biomass sources, such as vegetable oil, corn starch, pea starch or microbiota.

Degradation of petroleum-based biodegradable plastics may release of previously stored carbon as carbon dioxide. Materials such as polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) biopolymer are completely biodegradable. Fully biodegradable plastics are more expensive, partly because they are not widely enough produced to achieve large economies of scale.

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Q: What is biodegradable plastic made of?
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