It may be that your alternator is overcharging and causing the the battery acid to expand and blow out the filler cap vents. Use a volt meter to check the charging system when running. It should be in the area of 13.8 to 14.2 volts max. If the voltage exceeds these values, the voltage regulator may be deffectivie or the alternator could also be defective.
No, you must use a battery with a connection for the vent tube to route battery fumes out of the car as the battery is stored in the trunk.
Dirty battery connections created a spark when cranking the starter on a possibly overcharged/overheated battery causing an explosion.
to vent the Hydrogen gas that is produced when the battery is being charged.
You should put distilled water in the battery. Do not open a battery that is not made to be opened. Yes, if your battery is an older type that's not sealed, it's important to make sure the water level is adequate. It's easy to tell which type you have: unsealed batteries have small vent caps on top that can be easily unscrewed. If you are unsure, take it to a proffessional, and ask them.
If you have power enough in your battery to start the car, then this is not the likely cause. Maybe the carburetor is in need of a proper rinse.
add water and charge the battery
If the engine is idling during the car wash, then spray is probably getting in and shorting out the battery causing a near stall situation. The water spray from the car wash may be causing the belt to slip. That would cause the alternator to spin too slowly to generate the proper voltage.
Nothing, the battery did it's only job by cranking the vehicle. Now it is up to the alternator to keep all electrical working while the car is in operation.
Evaporation.
Car batteries are filled with sulfuric acid, not water. The battery fluids get "topped up" with distilled water if they get low.
You will shorten the life of the battery. Only add Distilled water to a battery.
distilled water