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It's from a radiology report - essentially it's saying that there's a mild disk bulge (not full herniation) at the L4/5 disk that's encroaching on the L4/5 foramina. The foramina is the part of the vertebrae between the spine and vertebrae where the nerves pass. They look like holes or notches behind the vertebrae.

It's not uncommon for a disk protrusion in the lower lumbar area to impinge on the foraminal nerves. Mild just indicates it's not enough of a problem to warrant anything other than non-surgical therapy (rest, anti-inflammatories, etc.). There's usually an underlying cause though - stenosis, injury, old age, weight, etc.

The best way to deal with it is to limit the amount of stress you put on your lumbar spine, and to change the way you sleep (assuming you haven't already). Never sleep on your back, unless you've got cushion under your knees that will flatten your lumbar spine against the mattress; if you sleep on your side, put a cushion between your knees that will keep your legs parallel (this reduces pressure on the hips and lower spine); and never sleep on your stomach. Putting a cushion or pillow behind you and for your arm to rest on (if sleeping on your side) will help keep you from rolling over. Even though I did it for years before my first fusion, I still do it today, and it still helps.

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Q: What is disc protrusion with high intensity zone also causing mild foraminal encroachment at L4-L5?
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