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Before food is eaten it is chemical potential energy. After the food is consumed it becomes kinetic energy.

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Mechanical energy, sum of the kinetic energy, or energy of motion, and the potential energy, or energy stored in a system by reason of the position of its parts. Mechanical energy is constant in a system that has only gravitational forces or in an otherwise idealized system—that is, one lacking dissipative forces, such as friction and air resistance, or one in which such forces can be reasonably neglected. Thus, a swinging pendulum has its greatest kinetic energy and least potential energy in the vertical position, in which its speed is greatest and its height least; it has its least kinetic energy and greatest potential energy at the extremities of its swing, in which its speed is zero and its height is greatest. As the pendulum moves, energy is continuously passing back and forth between the two forms. Neglecting friction at the pivot and air resistance, the sum of the kinetic and potential energies of the pendulum, or its mechanical energy, is constant. Actually the mechanical energy of the system is diminished at the end of each swing by the tiny amount of energy transferred out of the system by the work done by the pendulum in opposition to the forces of friction and air resistance. The mechanical energy of the Earth-Moon system is nearly constant as it is rhythmically interchanged between its kinetic and potential forms. When the Moon is farthest from Earth in its nearly elliptical orbit, its speed is least. Its kinetic energy has become least, and its potential energy is greatest. When the Moon is closest to Earth, it travels fastest; some potential energy has been converted to kinetic energy.

This article was most recently revised and updated by Robert Curley, Senior Editor.

LEARN MORE in these related Britannica articles:

kinetic energy

Kinetic energy, form of energy that an object or a particle has by reason of its motion. If work, which transfers energy, is done on an object by applying a net force, the object speeds up and thereby gains kinetic energy. Kinetic energy is a property of a moving object…

potential and kinetic energy

potential energy

Potential energy, stored energy that depends upon the relative position of various parts of a system. A spring has more potential energy when it is compressed or stretched. A steel ball has more potential energy raised above the ground than it has after falling to Earth. In the raised position…

friction forces

friction

Friction, force that resists the sliding or rolling of one solid object over another. Frictional forces, such as the traction needed to walk without slipping, may be beneficial, but they also present a great measure of opposition to motion. About 20 percent of the engine power of automobiles is consumed…

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chemical

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Q: What is energy released from food before its eaten?
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