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What is fault in software?

Updated: 10/3/2023
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A software fault is a possibly recoverable error that occurred because of a programming error. Such faults are usually detected by hardware, and sent to the appropriate software handler for processing. For example, a division by zero error will generate a DIVBYZERO fault, which will be sent to the software's try-catch block (or coding equivalent), or will eventually filter up to the operating system, at which point the program will cease execution. In Windows, this is generally manifested as a "General Protection Fault," or the "we're sorry, this program has encountered an error and must close" box. If the fault is caught by the software, it can correct the condition and try again.

This is in contrast to a hardware fault, which indicates a malfunctioning device. Usually, only an operating system can see these faults (no application can directly touch hardware in a modern operating system). In some causes, a significant hardware fault will cause the operating system to fail entirely, and shutdown, stop with an onscreen message (the so-called Blue Screen of Death), or reboot. For example, a RAM chip goes bad during use, or a hard drive fails.

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software fault is a mistake in the coding that may lead to software to behave not in the intended way and may result in error and hence software failure.

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