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The easiest way is to use a logic family such as CMOS that can operate at supplies up to 15 volts. If you're using 5-volt TTL, the only way to get more than about 4 volts signal output is to use a transformer.
Logic Gates are electronic building blocks of a digital system. Their physical manifestation may take any form, but essentially a logic gate consists of a collection of binary digits and a set of rules where such digits are combined to give a resulting set of binary digits. The rules that are implemented by logic gate are of the fundamental Boolean Algebraic Operations. Logic gates may be coupled together so that digital input to a system produces a predetermined digital output. It is a logical set of rules. The concept of digital information flowing into a system through an electronic pathway coveys a perception that gave someone the idea of a gate when this was named long ago.
nor as well as nand gate are universal gates they both can be used as a complete set of logic gates
universal logic gate is a gate using which you can make all the logic gates there are two such gates NOR gate and NAND gate
A positive logic system will output true only when the input is true. A negative logic system will output true only when the input is false. The NOT logic gate is an example of a negative logic system. That is, NOT( false ) will output true.
A "Nand" gate is an "And" gate with an "Inverter" added to its output. To get a logic 1 output from a "Nand" gate, you need a logic 0 on both of its inputs. If I understand your question correctly, you have three "Nand" gates. Presumably the outputs of two of them are connected to the inputs of the third. Logic 1 at both inputs of the first two "Nand" gates will produce a logic 0 output from both of them. The two logic 0's are fed to the inputs of the third "Nand" gate producing a logic 0 output from the third "Nand" gate.
The combinational logic circuits are a type of logic circuits containing only logic gates (AND, OR, XOR, NOT, NAND, NOR) and its output only depends on the current input (do not have memory).
limitations of logic gates
types of optical logic gates
Use two NOR gates. Tie the output of the first to both (or all) inputs of the second. A logic one at any input of the first produces a logic one at the output of the second which is a standard OR.
A logic gate is used to implement any digital logic. It may be AND, OR, XOR, NOT, XNOR, NAND, NOR. These logic gates can be used to implement the output equations of digital circuits in order to design them.
logic gates comes under semiconductor
All digital electronic circuits are composed of logic gates. Without logic gates there would be no digital electronics.
And, OR and Not gates.
simply , it is used to control the circuit , for example if i have a lamp ( or LED) and i want to control when it should be on i used sequential logic gate ( or flip-flop ) with an exact input ( say '11' ) . ANSWER: There are no sequential logic gates. But there decoders and multiplexers whereby an output can occurs only when reaching a code or an address
Its really helpful if you are constructing your circuit. With simplification, you have less values to deal it and a much easier circuit to work with. But for simplification you must get the same output as the one you started with.
Logic gates are the basic building blocks of digital circuits or systems. these digital circuits are used to implement several combinational and sequential operations. these operations include starage, timing, arithmetic, coding, communication etc. Hence, implementing the boolean algebra is not the only purpose where logic gates are used, hence, it is opt to call them as logic gates rather than boolean gates.