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What is latent learning in dogs?

Updated: 11/15/2022
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12y ago

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Latent learning happens when an animal (or human) stores information in its long-term memory and displays this knowledge, when needed, at a later date.

Latent learning is particularly effective when a dog is learning a new behaviour. It enables the dog on subsequent occasions to have a clear memory of the successful way it did the training by recognizing the triggers it learned to gain its rewards.

The most effective way of achieving latent learning is by providing quiet reflective time immediately after the event so that the brain has the opportunity to absorb the information without distraction otherwise it may not have time to realize the connection between the behaviour it has just done, and the reward it was given immediately afterwards. This is why training one exercise at a time is so much more effective than teaching a dog a number of different behaviours in one session. For instance, if a puppy is taught "Sit", "Come", and to do "Loose Lead" walking all in the one lesson - it will only latently learn the lead walking part of the lesson and may even begin to see the lead as a stressful trigger as it was confused and tired by all the new commands, exercises and the training environment.

Golden Rules of Latent Learning

1. Only teach ONE EXERCISE in a training session

For instance, when teaching a dog to consistently come to you when called, do not ask it to "sit" when it arrives at your feet - it will link the final command (Sit) with the reward rather than the behaviour of running to you, which you are trying to train.

2. Teach the dog a maximum of FIVE ATTEMPTS in a session

Keep the training sessions short. I have always found that repetitions of over 5 times always end in failure(!) either because the dog becomes bored, it tires and cannot concentrate, or we humans ask too much from the dog by expecting it to progress too quickly in the training session.

3. Once the dog has fully understood what is expected of it, further steps can be added to the dog's Training Program By teaching the dog in small manageable steps that it learns and retains in its long-term memory by latent learning, the dog has such a firm program on what it has been taught that subsequent short training sessions can progress with the dog being confident of what is expected of it. These dogs rise to the challenge of more difficult exercises being taught to it through this well-founded confidence. For instance, by first teaching the dog to Recall Bronze (more on this later) standard, then doing the same exercise over jumps (Bounce), then teaching it to retrieve (Hand), Bounce and Hand.

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