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The major groove has the N2 & O2 of the base pairs pointing inwards toward the helical axis, while in the minor groove, the N2 & O2 atoms point outwards.
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What part of CAP and lac repressor are directly responsible for recongnition of specific DNA sequences in the major groove?
A protein that has a helix-turn-heloix domain can bind to DNA because one of the helices interacts with the sugar phosphate backbone of a DNA strand while the other helix binds to the base bairs in the major groove. The section of the helix-turn-helix motif that binds inside the major groove is called the "recognition sequence"
Why DNA has 2 different sizes grooves?
As the DNA strands wind around each other, they leave gaps between each set of phosphate backbones, revealing the sides of the bases inside. There are two of these grooves twisting around the surface of the double helix: one groove, the major groove, is 22 Ã… wide and the other, the minor groove, is 12 Ã… wide. The narrowness of the minor groove means that the edges of the bases are more accessible in the major groove. As a result, proteins like that can bind to specific sequences in double-stranded DNA usually make contacts to the sides of the bases exposed in the major groove. This situation varies in unusual conformations of DNA within the cell , but the major and minor grooves are always named to reflect the differences in size that would be seen if the DNA is twisted back into the ordinary B form.
How many bases are found in one turn of the DNA double helix model?
In molecular biology, the term double helix[1] refers to the structure formed by double-stranded molecules of nucleic acids such as DNA and RNA. The double helical structure of a nucleic acid complex arises as a consequence of its secondary structure, and is a fundamental component in determining its tertiary structure. The term entered popular culture with the publication in 1968 of The Double Helix: A Personal Account of the Discovery of the Structure of DNA, by James Watson.The DNA double helix is a spiral polymer of nucleic acids, held together by nucleotides which base pair together.[2] In B-DNA, the most common double helical structure, the double helix is right-handed with about 10-10.5 nucleotides per turn.[3] The double helix structure of DNA contains a major groove and minor groove, the major groove being wider than the minor groove.[2] Given the difference in widths of the major groove and minor groove, many proteins which bind to DNA do so through the wider major groove.[4]
How do proteins recognize and bind to DNA?
In simple terms proteins have specific structures to bind DNA, these have specific Amino Acids that give specificity for certain DNA sequences. As far as I am aware the main binding force is Hydrogen bonds between the Amino Acids and the DNA bases. More specifically there are three well known of DNA binding motifs that proteins have. These are: Homeodomains (Helix-Turn-Helix) This class has three alpha helices, the 3 helix sits in the major groove of DNA and interacts with it in a base specific manor via Hydrogen bonding. Helix 1 and 2 sit above the DNA strand to stabilise the binding and the N terminal tail interacts in the minor groove. Zinc Fingers Form a special structure around a zinc atom (held by interaction with Cysteine and Histidine residues) to stabilise them (the protein motif is too small to have a hydrophobic core). To bind DNA the alpha helix (where the Histidine residues are found) of the domain again typically iteracts with the major groove of the target DNA. Basic Leucine Zippers These consist of two long alpha helices bound together by interactions between leucine residues found every 7 amino acids on each chain. The ends of the helices have a basic region that is responsible for binding DNA, again in the major groove. That is all I can remember off the top of my head, hope it helps.
What is Major enzyme involved in replication?
DNA polymerase
What part of CAP and lac repressor are directly responsible for recongnition of specific DNA sequences in the major groove?
A protein that has a helix-turn-heloix domain can bind to DNA because one of the helices interacts with the sugar phosphate backbone of a DNA strand while the other helix binds to the base bairs in the major groove. The section of the helix-turn-helix motif that binds inside the major groove is called the "recognition sequence"
Why DNA has 2 different sizes grooves?
As the DNA strands wind around each other, they leave gaps between each set of phosphate backbones, revealing the sides of the bases inside. There are two of these grooves twisting around the surface of the double helix: one groove, the major groove, is 22 Ã… wide and the other, the minor groove, is 12 Ã… wide. The narrowness of the minor groove means that the edges of the bases are more accessible in the major groove. As a result, proteins like that can bind to specific sequences in double-stranded DNA usually make contacts to the sides of the bases exposed in the major groove. This situation varies in unusual conformations of DNA within the cell , but the major and minor grooves are always named to reflect the differences in size that would be seen if the DNA is twisted back into the ordinary B form.
How many bases are found in one turn of the DNA double helix model?
In molecular biology, the term double helix[1] refers to the structure formed by double-stranded molecules of nucleic acids such as DNA and RNA. The double helical structure of a nucleic acid complex arises as a consequence of its secondary structure, and is a fundamental component in determining its tertiary structure. The term entered popular culture with the publication in 1968 of The Double Helix: A Personal Account of the Discovery of the Structure of DNA, by James Watson.The DNA double helix is a spiral polymer of nucleic acids, held together by nucleotides which base pair together.[2] In B-DNA, the most common double helical structure, the double helix is right-handed with about 10-10.5 nucleotides per turn.[3] The double helix structure of DNA contains a major groove and minor groove, the major groove being wider than the minor groove.[2] Given the difference in widths of the major groove and minor groove, many proteins which bind to DNA do so through the wider major groove.[4]
What is aDNA?
A-DNA is a conformation of DNA that differs from the common one (B-DNA) by: - a wider right-handed spiral - a shallow, wide minor groove - a narrower, deeper major groove. The A form occurs under non-physiological conditions in partially dehydrated samples of DNA, while in the cell it may be produced in hybrid pairings of DNA and RNA strands
What do the structures labeled with the letters represent?
the tertiary structure of DNA include A- B- Z form which differ from each other in geometric according to bases sequences of DNA and condition DNA present in Form A :right handed double helix Most RNA present in this form Major conformation of RNA the most favorable conformation at low concentration of water Bases are displaced away from the axis Major groove is narrow while minor groove is wide Over all shape short and wide Form B : Right handed double helix the most common type of DNA Major conformation of DNA the most favorable conformation at high concentration of water Bases are perpendicular to the axis Major groove is wide while minor groove is narrow Over all shape is long and narrow Form z : Left handed double helix Zigzag form Minor conformation of DNA the most favorable conformation at high concentration of salt Bases are perpendicular to the axis Both major and minor groove are narrow Over all shape is elongate and narrow
What are major groove and minor groove of DNA?
well, it's quite useful when enzymes supposed to do something with DNA are searching for the "starting sequence". in major groove, you can always recognize the base pairs without unwinding the double-helix. it's coded by order of the groups CH3, H-bond donor, H-bond acceptor and H, which is different for each combination of base pairs. (you obviously must know the 5´-> 3´ ordering either.) grooves are usefull to be recognized with lot of DNA - protein links structures, like helix-turn-helix pattern, or zinc fingers, which are bonding to the grooves.
How do proteins recognize and bind to DNA?
In simple terms proteins have specific structures to bind DNA, these have specific Amino Acids that give specificity for certain DNA sequences. As far as I am aware the main binding force is Hydrogen bonds between the Amino Acids and the DNA bases. More specifically there are three well known of DNA binding motifs that proteins have. These are: Homeodomains (Helix-Turn-Helix) This class has three alpha helices, the 3 helix sits in the major groove of DNA and interacts with it in a base specific manor via Hydrogen bonding. Helix 1 and 2 sit above the DNA strand to stabilise the binding and the N terminal tail interacts in the minor groove. Zinc Fingers Form a special structure around a zinc atom (held by interaction with Cysteine and Histidine residues) to stabilise them (the protein motif is too small to have a hydrophobic core). To bind DNA the alpha helix (where the Histidine residues are found) of the domain again typically iteracts with the major groove of the target DNA. Basic Leucine Zippers These consist of two long alpha helices bound together by interactions between leucine residues found every 7 amino acids on each chain. The ends of the helices have a basic region that is responsible for binding DNA, again in the major groove. That is all I can remember off the top of my head, hope it helps.
What muscles are attached to the lateral side of the bicipital groove?
To the best of my knowledge, three muscles attach to the bicipital groove of the Humerus: The Latissimus Dorsi, the Pectoralis Major and the Teres major. Marcel Fromond NMT Student
What major enzyme involved on replication?
DNA Helicase is the major enzyme involved in the replication of DNA. The reason why it is so important is that it unwinds the DNA which creates two separate strands.
What does the latissimus dorsi insert to?
on the intertubercular groove of the humerus just lateral to pectoralis major
Are fatty acids in DNA?
DNA's primary structure consists of a sequence of nitrogen-containing bases, which contain information in the form of a molecular code. DNA's secondary structure consists of two DNA strands running in opposite directions. The strands are held together by complementary base pairing and are twisted into a double helix. Inside the double helix, the bases line up in a way that allows hydrogen bonds to form between certain purines and pyrimidines. The two DNA strands form complementary base pairs A-T and G-C. The G-C pair has three hydrogen bonds, whereas the weaker A-T pair has only two. The DNA double helix has two types of grooves that differ in size: the major groove and the minor groove.
What is the major compound in DNA?
DNA is a compound known as deoxyribonucleic acid.
