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There are 3 stages of an FM transmitter which allow you to transmit information over the FM band. These 3 stages need to be integrated into a single circuit to form what is known as a 3 stage FM transmitter

  • A modulator circuit to add the information to be transmitted to the carrier wave produced by the oscillator. This is done by varying some aspect of the carrier wave. The information is provided to the transmitter either in the form of an audio signal, which represents sound, a video signal, or for data in the form of a binary digital signal.
    • In an FM (frequency modulation) transmitter the frequency of the carrier is varied by the audio signal.
Many other types of modulation are also used. In large transmitters the oscillator and modulator together are often referred to as the exciter.
  • An RF power amplifier to increase the power of the signal, to increase the range of the radio waves.
  • An impedance matching (antenna tuner) circuit to match the impedance of the transmitter to the impedance of the antenna (or the transmission line to the antenna), to transfer power efficiently to the antenna. If these impedances are not equal, it causes a condition called standing waves, in which the power is reflected back from the antenna toward the transmitter, wasting power and sometimes overheating the transmitter.
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Q: What is meant by a 3 stage FM transmitter?
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How can you make an electronic device that will buzz only if you separate it from the base unit to a distance after 3 meters probably work using frequency?

To create a device such as this one would chose a freguency is of a clear band width (avoid the upper frequency FM range) and mke the transmitter sufficiently weak that the signal would practically fade out in 3 meters. It is also possible to check the signal strength on the receiving circuit though this is prbably more sophisticated then need be as if you sufficiently under power, via gues nd check you should obtain the desired range.


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Bandwidth is defined as difference between two frequencies.In AM only amplitude is modulated or changed to transmit the data at the given fixed frequency. In FM the frequency of the signal is changed to transmit the data. Since we will need a range of frequency to transmit the data using FM (say frequencies from f1 to f2), the bandwidth of FM signal will be higher than AM signal which can transmit at a fixed frequency.But.....The above answer does not address the issue of "strength of modulation", that is, modulation index.A.M. will always have a bandwidth of twice its highest modulating frequency regardless of the strength of modulation.For voice comms with about a 3 kHz maximum frequency, A.M. will demand (3+3) = 6 kHz of bandwidth.Because F.M. modulates the frequency swing of the transmitter, low modulation indexes with F.M. can give a bandwidth LESS than the maximum modulating frequency. Narrow-Band F.M. (NBFM) can have a bandwidth of *less than* 3 kHz, indeed it can have a bandwidth of only a few hundred hertz, in theory.In practice, very narrow NBFM suffers from worsening signal-to-noise ratios, and one of F.M.'s chief advantages over A.M. is the superior signal-to-noise of F.M. when it is allowed sufficient bandwidth.


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