Government money is called Revenue
funding It is simply called Federal Money.
Usually such money is called "taxes".
If you are owed money by the federal government, the money that the federal government sends you is called a "tax refund" or sometimes just a "refund."
government bonds.
Corruption.
A gift of money from one government to another is called foreign aid. The money is usually given by first world countries to third world countries to help in times of calamities.
Budget
Social security.
Counterfeiting
Stimulus
A categorical grant (or grant-in-aid)