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What is the cause of myonecrosis?
due to bacterial infection
What is the medical term meaning Death of heart tissue?
The term for tissue death is either necrosis or apoptosis, depending on the situation. Apoptosis is preprogrammed tissue death, while necrosis is not preprogrammed. An infarct is an area of tissue that has died due to lack of blood supply.
What is Mechanism of action of lecithinase in gas gangrene?
The alpha toxin of Clostridium perfingens is a Lecithinase which causes hydrolysis of lecithin in cell membranes, leading to membrane destruction and widespread cell death leading to myonecrosis and gas gangrene.Other enzymes, namely collagenase, protease, hyaluronidase and deoxyribonuclease (DNase) are also involved
What is the medical term meaning death of heart muscle tissue?
It is can be called necrocardiomyopathy, cardiac myonecrosis , myocardial infarction, or simply a heart attack.
What bacteria cause disease?
Bacteria That Cause Human Disease Only a small fraction of the thousands of species of bacteria on the earth cause disease in humans. Bacterial infection can be prevented by killing bacteria with heat, as in sterilization and pasteurization. If a bacterial infection does occur, doctors may treat it with antibiotics. However, overuse of antibiotics in recent years has enabled the development of strains of bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics, such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which causes tuberculosis.Bacillus anthracisAnthraxBacillus cereusB. cereus food poisoningClostridium botulinumBotulismClostridium perfringensClostridial myonecrosis (gas gangrene)Clostridium tetaniTetanus (lockjaw)Corynebacterium diphtheriaeDiphtheriaEscherichia coliDiarrheaKlebsiella pneumoniaeBronchopneumoniaLegionella pneumophilaLegionnaire's diseaseMycobacterium lepraeLeprosyMycobacterium tuberculosisTuberculosisSalmonella speciesSalmonellaSalmonella typhiTyphoid feverSalmonella typhimuriumSalmonella gastroenteritisShigella dysenteriaeBacillary dysenteryShigella speciesShigellosisYersinia enterocoliticaYersiniosis,gastroenteritisYersinia pestisPlagueYersinia pseudotuberculosisMesenteric lymphadenitisChlamydia Chlamydia trachomatisTrachomaconjunctivitisCoccobacillus Bordetella pertussisPertussis (whooping cough)Brucella speciesUndulant feverHemophilus influenzaeMeningitisbacterial pneumoniaHemophilus pertussisPertussis (whooping cough)Coccus Neisseria gonorrhoeaeGonorrheapelvic inflammatory diseaseNeisseria meningitidisMeningitisStaphylococcus aureusPneumoniatoxic shock syndromeskin infectionsmeningitisStreptococcus pneumoniaePneumoniaear infectionsmeningitisStreptococcus pyogenesStrep throatrheumatic feverStreptococcus speciesScarlet feverpuerperal feverListeria Listeria monocytogenesListeriosisperinatal septicemiameningitisencephalitisintrauterine infectionsMycoplasma Mycoplasma pneumoniaePneumoniaRickettsia Rickettsia prowazekiiEpidemic typhusBrill-Zinsser disease (spread by lice)Rickettsia rickettsiiRocky Mountain spotted fever (spread by ticks)Rickettsia typhiEndemic typhus (murine typhus, spread by rat fleas)Spirillus Campylobacter fetus jejuniCampylobacteriosis (bacterial diarrheal illness)Spirillum minorRat-bite feverSpirochete Treponema pallidumSyphilisVibrio Aeromonas hydrophilaGastroenteritissepticemiacellulitiswound infectionsurinary tract infectionsPlesiomonas shigelloidesGastroenteritisdiarrheaVibrio cholerae 01Epidemic choleraVibrio cholerae non-01GastroenteritisVibrio parahemolyticusV. parahemolyticus-associated gastroenteritisVibrio vulnificusWound infectionsgastroenteritisprimary septicemiawow you must have a lot of free time! (escricca)hahahhhahaha it is soooo true lolPathogenic BacteriaHere is a list of some of the names of pathogenic bacteria that cause disease and what disease they cause:CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM - causes botulism (potentially deadly form of food poisoning)CORYNEBACTERIUM DIPHTHERIAE - causes diptheriaLEGIONELLA PNEUMOPHILA - causes legionellosisVIBRIO CHOLERAE - causes the diarrheal illness cholera
Gas gangrene?
DefinitionGas gangrene is a potentially deadly form of tissue death (gangrene).See also: Necrotizing subcutaneous infectionAlternative NamesTissue infection - Clostridial; Gangrene - gas; Myonecrosis; Clostridial infection of tissuesCauses, incidence, and risk factorsGas gangrene is rare in the United States. The condition is most often caused by a bacteria called Clostridium perfringens.However, it also can be caused by Group A streptococcus. Staphylococcus aureus and Vibrio vulnificus can cause similar infections.Clostridium is present in most environments. As the bacteria grow, they can produce gas in body tissues and produce many different toxins that can damage tissues. Under low-oxygen (anaerobic) conditions, Clostridium produces toxins that cause tissue death and related symptoms.Gas gangrene generally occurs at the site of trauma or a recent surgical wound. The onset of gas gangrene is sudden and dramatic. About 1 in 5 cases occur without an irritating event. Patients who develop this disease in this manner often have underlying blood vessel disease (atherosclerosis or hardening of the arteries), diabetes, or colon cancer.Clostridium bacteria produce many different toxins, four of which (alpha, beta, epsilon, iota) can cause potentially deadly syndromes. The toxins cause damage to tissues, blood cells, and blood vessels.SymptomsThe site of infection becomes inflamed with a pale to brownish-red and very painful tissue swelling. If you press on the swollen tissue with your fingers, you may feel gas as a crackly sensation. The edges of the infected area expand so quickly that changes can be seen over a few minutes. The involved tissue may be completely destroyed.Symptoms include:Air under the skin (subcutaneous emphysema)Blisters filled with brown-red fluidDrainage from the tissues, foul-smelling brown-red or bloody fluid (serosanguineousdischarge)Increased heart rate (tachycardia)Moderate to high feverModerate to severe pain around a skin injuryPale skin color, later becoming dusky and changing to dark red or purpleProgressive swelling around a skin injurySweatingVesicleformation, combining into large blistersYellow color to the skin (jaundice)Note: Symptoms usually begin suddenly and quickly worsen.If the condition is not treated, the person can develop shock with decreased blood pressure (hypotension), kidney failure, coma, and finally death.Signs and testsThe person may be in shock. A health care professional might feel air in the tissues (crepitus).Anaerobic tissue and fluid cultures may reveal Clostridium species.Blood culture may grow the bacteria causing the infection.Gram stain of fluid from the infected area may show gram-positive rods (Clostridium species) or other bacterial types.X-ray, CT scan, or MRI of the area may show gas in the tissues.TreatmentThe person will need to have surgery quickly to remove dead, damaged, and infected tissue (debridement). Surgical removal (amputation) of an arm or leg may be needed to control the spread of infection. Often this must occur before all diagnostic test results are available.Patients should get antibiotics, preferably penicillin-type with clindamycin. Initially, patients receive antibiotics through a vein (intravenously). Some people may need analgesics to control pain. Doctors have tried hyperbaric oxygen for this condition, with varying degrees of success.Expectations (prognosis)Gas gangrene is progressive and often fatal.ComplicationsComaDeliriumDisfiguring or disabling permanent tissue damageJaundice with liver damageKidney failureShockSpread of infection through the body (sepsis)StuporCalling your health care providerThis is an emergency condition requiring immediate medical attention.Call your heath care provider if you have signs of infection around a skin wound. Go to the emergency room or call the local emergency number (such as 911), if you have symptoms of gas gangrene.PreventionClean any skin injury thoroughly. Watch for signs of infection (such as redness, pain, drainage, or swelling around a wound), and consult your health care provider promptly if these occur.ReferencesBartlett JG. Clostridial infections. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 319.
