This all depends on the breed. As such, your veterinarian would have a better idea of what the optimum pelvic size is for your particular breed or breed-mix of heifers you are wanting to get bred.
Heifers are still growing and maturing themselves, so a lot of resources being put into the calf's growth still need to be put into the heifer to keep her growing as well.
Bulls can reach puberty by the time they are 8 months of age, but most are put in with the breeding herd by the time they are 12 months of age. Heifers reach puberty by the time they are 10 to 12 months of age, but most heifers are not bred until they are 15 months old. Of course the breed of the bulls and heifers depends on when they reach puberty and/or when they should be used for producing offspring.
Yes! Cows are mature female bovines that have given birth to at least two calves. Heifers are females who have not given birth at all during their lifetime, and first-calf heifers are heifers that have given birth to their first calf. Steers and bulls, on the other hand, are MALES. Steers are male bovines that have been castrated or neutered (some people like to refer to them as "castrated bulls"), and bulls are intact male bovines that have not been castrated and are used (or going to be used) for breeding purposes.
First, weigh yourself holding the puppy. Put your puppy down and weigh yourself. Subtract the first measurement from the second measurement and you have your puppy's weight!
No, a heifer does. Cows are mature female bovines that have had at least two calves, and thus are females that have already been through puberty when they were heifers, before they had their first calf.
Short bred cows or heifers are females that are in early gestation or pregnancy, mostly in their first trimester.
Cows and first-calf heifers have four functional teats.
Heifers are still growing and maturing themselves, so a lot of resources being put into the calf's growth still need to be put into the heifer to keep her growing as well.
Bulls can reach puberty by the time they are 8 months of age, but most are put in with the breeding herd by the time they are 12 months of age. Heifers reach puberty by the time they are 10 to 12 months of age, but most heifers are not bred until they are 15 months old. Of course the breed of the bulls and heifers depends on when they reach puberty and/or when they should be used for producing offspring.
No. Heifers, being young female cattle, don't lactate until after they've had their first calf, which is typically at 24 months of age. A heifer remains a heifer, from birth, until she's had her first or second calf, whereby she is considered a cow. But until then, heifers don't lactate like cows do, and when they do lactate after birthing a calf, they typically produce less milk than their older counterparts.
Yes
Depending on the breed, generally most heifers begin to cycle at around 10 to 12 months of age. Some breeds have heifers begin cycling earlier, such as Jersey which begins cycling at around 7 months of age.
The French and Germans used the first standardized system of measurement.
There are a few factors involved, care of the animal will play a part. Typically it depends on maturity of the reproductive tract, but also on body condition and genetics. Most heifers will begin their initial cycling at around 11 to 12 months, however this is not always the case with breeds that are early maturing such as Jerseys, Dexter, Gelbvieh and Galloway, which may start coming into heat around 8 to 9 months of age. Late maturing breeds such as Brahman will find heifers going into first heat at 15 months. Other late maturing breeds like Charolias, Chianina and Limousin will have heifers going into their first eat between 13 and 15 months of age. Malnourished animals or those in poor body condition will have a delayed first estrus, but overly fat heifers will also come into heat for the first time later than those that are in normal condition. Genetics also play a role in determining the start of puberty for heifers. Some breeders select for cattle within a certain breed they're raising to be more early maturing than the breed average.
pelvic
The first uses the second, so they are not really "similar".
The sirloin is the first section of the pelvic area of the cow, before the leg joint that joins the back leg to the pelvis. The other half of the pelvic area is called the round.