No penalty if you have a license to carry. Below is a C&P from the PA criminal Code:
§ 6106. Firearms not to be carried without a license.
If it's done legally and in the manner directed by law, there is no penalty.
Not enough details to answer your question. If you're carrying a loaded firearm in a legal manner, and in legal possession of it, there'd be no charge.
Having a magazine in a firearm can mean that the firearm is loaded, and ready for use (if a cartridge has been chambered). If it is not loaded, it takes longer to put it in a condition that it can be fired.
Every case is different. If you need information on a state or federal criminal case, seek information from your attorney or from an attorney at your local public defender's office.
It depends on the locality. In some U.S. states, it's perfectly legal to carry a loaded handgun where you can access it in a vehicle, but in some it isn't. You can, generally speaking, transport and unloaded and inaccessible firearm in a vehicle. Check your local laws.
It depends. In Tennesee, there is a charge for illegal possession of a firearm, which is simply carrying an unauthorized firearm, and can be a misdemeanor. There is also "intent to go armed" which can be a felony. If the gun is not loaded, the charge will probably be the former, if the officer doesn't think you were up to anything bad.
In reference to a firearm, a firearm is considered loaded when there is a live round of ammunition "...in, or attached in any manner to, the firearm, including, but not limited to, in the firing chamber, magazine, or clip thereof attached to the firearm..."
If you are in a place like Portland or Oregon City that restricts loaded carry by people who do not have concealed handgun licenses, you may not have a loaded firearm in your vehicle. Furthermore, if it is a handgun, it must be carried openly or "not readily accessible."
It depends on what you mean. If you mean can a person carry a handgun loaded and accessible in their vehicle solely because he is in the military, the answer is no. A person can only carry a handgun loaded and accessible in their vehicle if they otherwise qualify to do so. Each state sets its own laws regarding that. Some states require a permit to have a loaded gun in your car, some states don't.
If there is ammunition in the magazine or cylinder, the firearm is loaded.
Depends on the laws where you are- and you did not give a location. In most US states, when hunting, you may not carry a loaded firearm on an ATV or snowmobile.
Ensure that the firearm is not loaded: check the chamber, magazine well, etc....